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Quarterly Public Sector Debt was updated on April 25, 2025
ASPIRE - The Atlas of Social Protection: Indicators of Resilience and Equity was updated on April 23, 2025
Gender Statistics was updated on April 17, 2025
World Development Indicators was updated on April 15, 2025

Metadata Glossary

World Development Indicators

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Showing Results from 301 to 350 of 1731

C

Coverage of social protection and labor programs (% of population)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
per_allsp.cov_pop_tot	ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection - Indicators of Resilience and Equity, The World Bank. Data are based on national representative household surveys. (datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/)
Description	Coverage of social protection and labor programs (SPL) shows the percentage of population participating in social insurance, social safety net, and unemployment benefits and active labor market programs. Estimates include both direct and indirect beneficiaries.
more

Coverage of social safety net programs (% of population)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
per_sa_allsa.cov_pop_tot	ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection - Indicators of Resilience and Equity, The World Bank. Data are based on national representative household surveys. (datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/)
Description	Coverage of social safety net programs shows the percentage of population participating in cash transfers and last resort programs, noncontributory social pensions, other cash transfers programs (child, family and orphan allowances, birth and death grants, disability benefits, and other allowances), conditional cash transfers, in-kind food transfers (food stamps and vouchers, food rations, supplementary feeding, and emergency food distribution), school feeding, other social assistance programs (housing allowances, scholarships, fee waivers, health subsidies, and other social assistance) and public works programs (cash for work and food for work). Estimates include both direct and indirect beneficiaries.
more

Coverage of social safety net programs in 2nd quintile (% of population)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
per_sa_allsa.cov_q2_tot	ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection - Indicators of Resilience and Equity, The World Bank. Data are based on national representative household surveys. (datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/)
Description	Coverage of social safety net programs shows the percentage of population participating in cash transfers and last resort programs, noncontributory social pensions, other cash transfers programs (child, family and orphan allowances, birth and death grants, disability benefits, and other allowances), conditional cash transfers, in-kind food transfers (food stamps and vouchers, food rations, supplementary feeding, and emergency food distribution), school feeding, other social assistance programs (housing allowances, scholarships, fee waivers, health subsidies, and other social assistance) and public works programs (cash for work and food for work). Estimates include both direct and indirect beneficiaries.
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Coverage of social safety net programs in 3rd quintile (% of population)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
per_sa_allsa.cov_q3_tot	ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection - Indicators of Resilience and Equity, The World Bank. Data are based on national representative household surveys. (datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/)
Description	Coverage of social safety net programs shows the percentage of population participating in cash transfers and last resort programs, noncontributory social pensions, other cash transfers programs (child, family and orphan allowances, birth and death grants, disability benefits, and other allowances), conditional cash transfers, in-kind food transfers (food stamps and vouchers, food rations, supplementary feeding, and emergency food distribution), school feeding, other social assistance programs (housing allowances, scholarships, fee waivers, health subsidies, and other social assistance) and public works programs (cash for work and food for work). Estimates include both direct and indirect beneficiaries.
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Coverage of social safety net programs in 4th quintile (% of population)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
per_sa_allsa.cov_q4_tot	ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection - Indicators of Resilience and Equity, The World Bank. Data are based on national representative household surveys. (datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/)
Description	Coverage of social safety net programs shows the percentage of population participating in cash transfers and last resort programs, noncontributory social pensions, other cash transfers programs (child, family and orphan allowances, birth and death grants, disability benefits, and other allowances), conditional cash transfers, in-kind food transfers (food stamps and vouchers, food rations, supplementary feeding, and emergency food distribution), school feeding, other social assistance programs (housing allowances, scholarships, fee waivers, health subsidies, and other social assistance) and public works programs (cash for work and food for work). Estimates include both direct and indirect beneficiaries.
more

Coverage of social safety net programs in poorest quintile (% of population)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
per_sa_allsa.cov_q1_tot	ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection - Indicators of Resilience and Equity, The World Bank. Data are based on national representative household surveys. (datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/)
Description	Coverage of social safety net programs shows the percentage of population participating in cash transfers and last resort programs, noncontributory social pensions, other cash transfers programs (child, family and orphan allowances, birth and death grants, disability benefits, and other allowances), conditional cash transfers, in-kind food transfers (food stamps and vouchers, food rations, supplementary feeding, and emergency food distribution), school feeding, other social assistance programs (housing allowances, scholarships, fee waivers, health subsidies, and other social assistance) and public works programs (cash for work and food for work). Estimates include both direct and indirect beneficiaries.
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Coverage of social safety net programs in richest quintile (% of population)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
per_sa_allsa.cov_q5_tot	ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection - Indicators of Resilience and Equity, The World Bank. Data are based on national representative household surveys. (datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/)
Description	Coverage of social safety net programs shows the percentage of population participating in cash transfers and last resort programs, noncontributory social pensions, other cash transfers programs (child, family and orphan allowances, birth and death grants, disability benefits, and other allowances), conditional cash transfers, in-kind food transfers (food stamps and vouchers, food rations, supplementary feeding, and emergency food distribution), school feeding, other social assistance programs (housing allowances, scholarships, fee waivers, health subsidies, and other social assistance) and public works programs (cash for work and food for work). Estimates include both direct and indirect beneficiaries.
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Coverage of unemployment benefits and ALMP (% of population)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
per_lm_alllm.cov_pop_tot	ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection - Indicators of Resilience and Equity, The World Bank. Data are based on national representative household surveys. (datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/)
Description	Coverage of unemployment benefits and active labor market programs (ALMP) shows the percentage of population participating in unemployment compensation, severance pay, and early retirement due to labor market reasons, labor market services (intermediation), training (vocational, life skills, and cash for training), job rotation and job sharing, employment incentives and wage subsidies, supported employment and rehabilitation, and employment measures for the disabled. Estimates include both direct and indirect beneficiaries.
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Coverage of unemployment benefits and ALMP in 2nd quintile (% of population)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
per_lm_alllm.cov_q2_tot	ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection - Indicators of Resilience and Equity, The World Bank. Data are based on national representative household surveys. (datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/)
Description	Coverage of unemployment benefits and active labor market programs (ALMP) shows the percentage of population participating in unemployment compensation, severance pay, and early retirement due to labor market reasons, labor market services (intermediation), training (vocational, life skills, and cash for training), job rotation and job sharing, employment incentives and wage subsidies, supported employment and rehabilitation, and employment measures for the disabled. Estimates include both direct and indirect beneficiaries.
more

Coverage of unemployment benefits and ALMP in 3rd quintile (% of population)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
per_lm_alllm.cov_q3_tot	ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection - Indicators of Resilience and Equity, The World Bank. Data are based on national representative household surveys. (datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/)
Description	Coverage of unemployment benefits and active labor market programs (ALMP) shows the percentage of population participating in unemployment compensation, severance pay, and early retirement due to labor market reasons, labor market services (intermediation), training (vocational, life skills, and cash for training), job rotation and job sharing, employment incentives and wage subsidies, supported employment and rehabilitation, and employment measures for the disabled. Estimates include both direct and indirect beneficiaries.
more

Coverage of unemployment benefits and ALMP in 4th quintile (% of population)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
per_lm_alllm.cov_q4_tot	ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection - Indicators of Resilience and Equity, The World Bank. Data are based on national representative household surveys. (datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/)
Description	Coverage of unemployment benefits and active labor market programs (ALMP) shows the percentage of population participating in unemployment compensation, severance pay, and early retirement due to labor market reasons, labor market services (intermediation), training (vocational, life skills, and cash for training), job rotation and job sharing, employment incentives and wage subsidies, supported employment and rehabilitation, and employment measures for the disabled. Estimates include both direct and indirect beneficiaries.
more

Coverage of unemployment benefits and ALMP in poorest quintile (% of population)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
per_lm_alllm.cov_q1_tot	ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection - Indicators of Resilience and Equity, The World Bank. Data are based on national representative household surveys. (datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/)
Description	Coverage of unemployment benefits and active labor market programs (ALMP) shows the percentage of population participating in unemployment compensation, severance pay, and early retirement due to labor market reasons, labor market services (intermediation), training (vocational, life skills, and cash for training), job rotation and job sharing, employment incentives and wage subsidies, supported employment and rehabilitation, and employment measures for the disabled. Estimates include both direct and indirect beneficiaries.
more

Coverage of unemployment benefits and ALMP in richest quintile (% of population)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
per_lm_alllm.cov_q5_tot	ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection - Indicators of Resilience and Equity, The World Bank. Data are based on national representative household surveys. (datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/)
Description	Coverage of unemployment benefits and active labor market programs (ALMP) shows the percentage of population participating in unemployment compensation, severance pay, and early retirement due to labor market reasons, labor market services (intermediation), training (vocational, life skills, and cash for training), job rotation and job sharing, employment incentives and wage subsidies, supported employment and rehabilitation, and employment measures for the disabled. Estimates include both direct and indirect beneficiaries.
more

CPIA building human resources rating (1=low to 6=high)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
IQ.CPA.HRES.XQ	World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).
Description	Building human resources assesses the national policies and public and private sector service delivery that affect the access to and quality of health and education services, including prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria.
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CPIA business regulatory environment rating (1=low to 6=high)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
IQ.CPA.BREG.XQ	World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).
Description	Business regulatory environment assesses the extent to which the legal, regulatory, and policy environments help or hinder private businesses in investing, creating jobs, and becoming more productive.
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CPIA debt policy rating (1=low to 6=high)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
IQ.CPA.DEBT.XQ	World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).
Description	Debt policy assesses whether the debt management strategy is conducive to minimizing budgetary risks and ensuring long-term debt sustainability.
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CPIA economic management cluster average (1=low to 6=high)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
IQ.CPA.ECON.XQ	World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).
Description	The economic management cluster includes macroeconomic management, fiscal policy, and debt policy.
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CPIA efficiency of revenue mobilization rating (1=low to 6=high)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
IQ.CPA.REVN.XQ	World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).
Description	Efficiency of revenue mobilization assesses the overall pattern of revenue mobilization--not only the de facto tax structure, but also revenue from all sources as actually collected.
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CPIA equity of public resource use rating (1=low to 6=high)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
IQ.CPA.PRES.XQ	World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).
Description	Equity of public resource use assesses the extent to which the pattern of public expenditures and revenue collection affects the poor and is consistent with national poverty reduction priorities.
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CPIA financial sector rating (1=low to 6=high)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
IQ.CPA.FINS.XQ	World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).
Description	Financial sector assesses the structure of the financial sector and the policies and regulations that affect it.
more

CPIA fiscal policy rating (1=low to 6=high)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
IQ.CPA.FISP.XQ	World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).
Description	Fiscal policy assesses the short- and medium-term sustainability of fiscal policy (taking into account monetary and exchange rate policy and the sustainability of the public debt) and its impact on growth.
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CPIA gender equality rating (1=low to 6=high)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
IQ.CPA.GNDR.XQ	World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).
Description	Gender equality assesses the extent to which the country has installed institutions and programs to enforce laws and policies that promote equal access for men and women in education, health, the economy, and protection under law.
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CPIA macroeconomic management rating (1=low to 6=high)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
IQ.CPA.MACR.XQ	World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).
Description	Macroeconomic management assesses the monetary, exchange rate, and aggregate demand policy framework.
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CPIA policies for social inclusion/equity cluster average (1=low to 6=high)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
IQ.CPA.SOCI.XQ	World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).
Description	The policies for social inclusion and equity cluster includes gender equality, equity of public resource use, building human resources, social protection and labor, and policies and institutions for environmental sustainability.
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CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating (1=low to 6=high)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
IQ.CPA.ENVR.XQ	World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).
Description	Policy and institutions for environmental sustainability assess the extent to which environmental policies foster the protection and sustainable use of natural resources and the management of pollution.
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CPIA property rights and rule-based governance rating (1=low to 6=high)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
IQ.CPA.PROP.XQ	World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).
Description	Property rights and rule-based governance assess the extent to which private economic activity is facilitated by an effective legal system and rule-based governance structure in which property and contract rights are reliably respected and enforced.
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CPIA public sector management and institutions cluster average (1=low to 6=high)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
IQ.CPA.PUBS.XQ	World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).
Description	The public sector management and institutions cluster includes property rights and rule-based governance, quality of budgetary and financial management, efficiency of revenue mobilization, quality of public administration, and transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector.
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CPIA quality of budgetary and financial management rating (1=low to 6=high)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
IQ.CPA.FINQ.XQ	World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).
Description	Quality of budgetary and financial management assesses the extent to which there is a comprehensive and credible budget linked to policy priorities, effective financial management systems, and timely and accurate accounting and fiscal reporting, including timely and audited public accounts.
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CPIA quality of public administration rating (1=low to 6=high)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
IQ.CPA.PADM.XQ	World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).
Description	Quality of public administration assesses the extent to which civilian central government staff is structured to design and implement government policy and deliver services effectively.
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CPIA social protection rating (1=low to 6=high)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
IQ.CPA.PROT.XQ	World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).
Description	Social protection and labor assess government policies in social protection and labor market regulations that reduce the risk of becoming poor, assist those who are poor to better manage further risks, and ensure a minimal level of welfare to all people.
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CPIA structural policies cluster average (1=low to 6=high)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
IQ.CPA.STRC.XQ	World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).
Description	The structural policies cluster includes trade, financial sector, and business regulatory environment.
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CPIA trade rating (1=low to 6=high)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
IQ.CPA.TRAD.XQ	World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).
Description	Trade assesses how the policy framework fosters trade in goods.
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CPIA transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector rating (1=low to 6=high)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
IQ.CPA.TRAN.XQ	World Bank Group, CPIA database (http://www.worldbank.org/ida).
Description	Transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector assess the extent to which the executive can be held accountable for its use of funds and for the results of its actions by the electorate and by the legislature and judiciary, and the extent to which public employees within the executive are required to account for administrative decisions, use of resources, and results obtained. The three main dimensions assessed here are the accountability of the executive to oversight institutions and of public employees for their performance, access of civil society to information on public affairs, and state capture by narrow vested interests.
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Crop production index (2014-2016 = 100)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
AG.PRD.CROP.XD	Food and Agriculture Organization, electronic files and web site.
Description	Crop production index shows agricultural production for each year relative to the base period 2014-2016. It includes all crops except fodder crops. Regional and income group aggregates for the FAO's production indexes are calculated from the underlying values in international dollars, normalized to the base period 2014-2016.
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Currency composition of PPG debt, all other currencies (%)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
DT.CUR.OTHC.ZS	World Bank, International Debt Statistics.
Description	The percentage of external long-term public and publicly-guaranteed debt contracted in all other currencies not specified for the low- and middle-income countries.
more

Currency composition of PPG debt, Deutsche mark (%)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
DT.CUR.DMAK.ZS	World Bank, International Debt Statistics.
Description	The percentage of external long-term public and publicly-guaranteed debt contracted in Deutsche marks for the low- and middle-income countries.
more

Currency composition of PPG debt, Euro (%)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
DT.CUR.EURO.ZS	World Bank, International Debt Statistics.
Description	The percentage of external long-term public and publicly-guaranteed debt contracted in Euros for the low- and middle-income countries.
more

Currency composition of PPG debt, French franc (%)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
DT.CUR.FFRC.ZS	World Bank, International Debt Statistics.
Description	The percentage of external long-term public and publicly-guaranteed debt contracted in French francs for the low- and middle-income countries.
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Currency composition of PPG debt, Japanese yen (%)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
DT.CUR.JYEN.ZS	World Bank, International Debt Statistics.
Description	The percentage of external long-term public and publicly-guaranteed debt contracted in Japanese yen for the low- and middle-income countries.
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Currency composition of PPG debt, Multiple currencies (%)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
DT.CUR.MULC.ZS	World Bank, International Debt Statistics.
Description	The percentage of external long-term public and publicly-guaranteed debt contracted in multiple currencies for the low- and middle-income countries.
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Currency composition of PPG debt, Pound sterling (%)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
DT.CUR.UKPS.ZS	World Bank, International Debt Statistics.
Description	The percentage of external long-term public and publicly-guaranteed debt contracted in U.K. pound sterling for the low- and middle-income countries.
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Currency composition of PPG debt, SDR (%)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
DT.CUR.SDRW.ZS	World Bank, International Debt Statistics.
Description	The percentage of external long-term public and publicly-guaranteed debt contracted in special drawing rights for the low- and middle-income countries.
more

Currency composition of PPG debt, Swiss franc (%)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
DT.CUR.SWFR.ZS	World Bank, International Debt Statistics.
Description	The percentage of external long-term public and publicly-guaranteed debt contracted in Swiss francs for the low- and middle-income countries.
more

Currency composition of PPG debt, U.S. dollars (%)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
DT.CUR.USDL.ZS	World Bank, International Debt Statistics.
Description	The percentage of external long-term public and publicly-guaranteed debt contracted in U.S. dollars for the low- and middle-income countries.
more

Current account balance (% of GDP)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
BN.CAB.XOKA.GD.ZS	International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.
Description	Current account balance is the sum of net exports of goods and services, net primary income, and net secondary income.
more

Current account balance (BoP, current US$)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
BN.CAB.XOKA.CD	International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files.
Description	Current account balance is the sum of net exports of goods and services, net primary income, and net secondary income. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
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Current education expenditure, primary (% of total expenditure in primary public institutions)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
SE.XPD.CPRM.ZS	UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). UIS.Stat Bulk Data Download Service. Accessed April 5, 2025. https://apiportal.uis.unesco.org/bdds.
Description	Current expenditure is expressed as a percentage of direct expenditure in public educational institutions (instructional and non-instructional) of the specified level of education. Financial aid to students and other transfers are excluded from direct expenditure. Current expenditure is consumed within the current year and would have to be renewed if needed in the following year. It includes staff compensation and current expenditure other than for staff compensation (ex. on teaching materials, ancillary services and administration).
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Current education expenditure, secondary (% of total expenditure in secondary public institutions)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
SE.XPD.CSEC.ZS	UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). UIS.Stat Bulk Data Download Service. Accessed April 5, 2025. https://apiportal.uis.unesco.org/bdds.
Description	Current expenditure is expressed as a percentage of direct expenditure in public educational institutions (instructional and non-instructional) of the specified level of education. Financial aid to students and other transfers are excluded from direct expenditure. Current expenditure is consumed within the current year and would have to be renewed if needed in the following year. It includes staff compensation and current expenditure other than for staff compensation (ex. on teaching materials, ancillary services and administration).
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Current education expenditure, tertiary (% of total expenditure in tertiary public institutions)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
SE.XPD.CTER.ZS	UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). UIS.Stat Bulk Data Download Service. Accessed April 5, 2025. https://apiportal.uis.unesco.org/bdds.
Description	Current expenditure is expressed as a percentage of direct expenditure in public educational institutions (instructional and non-instructional) of the specified level of education. Financial aid to students and other transfers are excluded from direct expenditure. Current expenditure is consumed within the current year and would have to be renewed if needed in the following year. It includes staff compensation and current expenditure other than for staff compensation (ex. on teaching materials, ancillary services and administration).
more

Current education expenditure, total (% of total expenditure in public institutions)
Dimension	Series
Database Name	World Development Indicators
Code	Source
SE.XPD.CTOT.ZS	UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). UIS.Stat Bulk Data Download Service. Accessed April 5, 2025. https://apiportal.uis.unesco.org/bdds.
Description	Current expenditure is expressed as a percentage of direct expenditure in public educational institutions (instructional and non-instructional) of the specified level of education. Financial aid to students and other transfers are excluded from direct expenditure. Current expenditure is consumed within the current year and would have to be renewed if needed in the following year. It includes staff compensation and current expenditure other than for staff compensation (ex. on teaching materials, ancillary services and administration).
more

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