Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
10.14
11.89
13.36
15.80
Population growth (annual %)
2.7
0.9
1.6
1.7
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
390.8
390.8
390.8
390.8
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
26.2
30.7
34.5
40.8
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
32.2
22.5
38.3
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
35.7
49.2
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
7.45
4.22
8.61
36.73
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
730
350
640
2,320
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
25.59
34.79
34.37
75.06
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
2,520
2,930
2,570
4,750
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
5.8
4.8
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
58
46
52
60
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
4.9
4.0
4.0
3.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
102
102
112
99
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
43
54
59
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
70
72
66
86
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
84
99
85
62
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
8.0
11.5
10.2
9.7
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
87
75
90
88
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
101
87
83
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
97.2
112.0
100.1
92.8
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
45
40
76
..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
19.9
25.8
16.3
11.5
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
188.3
183.7
179.1
174.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
28.1
27.2
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
14.8
31.1
28.6
40.0
Urban population growth (annual %)
5.1
1.3
1.7
4.0
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
917
556
420
405
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
891
897
577
460
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
8.79
6.69
12.05
41.29
GDP growth (annual %)
7.0
-3.1
19.7
8.5
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
-0.9
0.6
4.1
108.8
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
15
16
10
21
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
30
19
21
37
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
23
38
30
20
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
23
36
53
24
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
17
14
19
13
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
19.4
8.1
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
2.7
-3.6
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
41.7
52.2
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
17.4
7.2
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
4.1
3.1
0.8
1.6
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
2.2
57.6
90.3
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.4
6.4
32.6
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
2
1
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
41
57
71
33
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
88
91
104
97
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
3,318
3,967
7,050
14,111
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
23.2
..
10.9
9.2
Net migration (thousands)
5
-165
-109
-75
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
1
..
1,413
2,574
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
-12
23
123
237
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
334.3
175.6
714.9
987.4
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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