Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
7.69
9.89
13.79
19.47
Population growth (annual %)
2.6
2.8
3.5
2.8
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
752.6
752.6
752.6
752.6
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
10.3
13.3
18.6
26.2
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
57.0
60.0
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
57.4
56.4
64.4
64.3
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
3.49
3.49
18.28
20.35
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
450
350
1,330
1,050
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
10.84
16.37
40.35
62.70
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
1,410
1,660
2,930
3,220
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
1.7
6.1
4.1
3.9
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
48
45
57
61
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.5
5.9
5.4
4.3
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
150
158
133
117
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
15
22
41
50
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
50
45
45
80
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
183
156
79
57
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
21.2
18.9
14.9
11.8
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
90
85
96
90
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
61
99
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
95.0
80.7
110.7
94.8
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
21
..
..
..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
..
..
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
9.8
14.9
13.3
11.3
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
474.1
470.5
467.0
446.3
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
41.3
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
2.2
2.0
2.0
2.0
Urban population growth (annual %)
2.4
1.5
4.8
4.1
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
709
632
596
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
797
629
583
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
3.29
3.60
20.27
22.10
GDP growth (annual %)
-0.5
3.9
10.3
6.2
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
106.4
32.6
14.0
25.1
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
18
16
9
3
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
45
23
32
42
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
24
37
52
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
36
31
34
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
..
30
31
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
20.4
17.5
14.4
22.0
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
1.6
-1.1
-3.6
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
36
19
9
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
21.1
34.8
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
19.5
16.5
12.8
16.8
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
3.4
1.6
1.4
1.0
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
1.0
39.5
104.0
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.2
3.0
27.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
1
1
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
77
49
62
75
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
125
61
119
122
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
6,905
5,811
4,373
27,345
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
14.7
21.2
2.0
15.1
Net migration (thousands)
-41
-5
23
9
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
36
44
240
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
203
122
1,729
394
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
474.8
794.7
919.3
1,087.6
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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