Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
40.75
47.16
52.34
61.50
Population growth (annual %)
2.8
0.9
1.2
1.5
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
1,219.1
1,219.1
1,219.1
1,219.1
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
33.6
38.9
43.1
50.7
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
45.8
37.9
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
44.6
47.9
27.8
17.4
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
115.17
153.70
352.43
388.58
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
2,830
3,260
6,730
6,320
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
251.26
373.79
648.60
825.40
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
6,170
7,930
12,390
13,420
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
2.9
3.1
2.7
3.7
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
63
58
59
62
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.7
2.4
2.4
2.2
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
95
67
54
53
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
50
56
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
84
94
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
58
71
50
34
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
9.8
9.1
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
79
72
72
87
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
82
73
..
95
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
104.7
92.6
103.4
101.7
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
68
74
87
106
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
1.5
13.8
17.4
18.2
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
181.4
177.8
174.1
170.1
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
9.8
12.5
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
29.7
28.4
33.2
46.6
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.9
2.4
1.8
1.6
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
2,239
2,269
2,518
2,125
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
3,828
4,367
4,445
3,518
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
126.05
151.75
417.36
419.99
GDP growth (annual %)
-0.3
4.2
3.0
4.9
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
15.4
9.2
6.1
6.4
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
4
3
2
2
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
36
28
25
25
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
22
24
26
31
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
17
22
25
25
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
18
15
18
13
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
23.4
23.1
25.5
30.0
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-3.2
-1.7
-4.4
-4.6
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
86.9
133.5
152.8
122.1
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
21.2
21.0
22.5
26.0
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
3.9
1.4
1.0
0.8
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
17.7
96.2
163.1
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
5.3
24.0
75.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
6
6
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
33
39
45
57
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
75
72
101
128
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
26,668
115,330
169,447
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
10.2
5.9
18.7
Net migration (thousands)
260
-137
69
458
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
136
325
1,070
927
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
-76
969
3,693
40,659
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
270.5
490.0
1,025.3
1,042.9
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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