Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
13.89
19.62
26.75
37.14
Population growth (annual %)
3.8
3.1
3.1
2.7
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
528.0
528.0
528.0
528.0
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
26.3
37.2
50.7
70.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
40.1
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
15.4
..
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
16.47
7.43
27.87
25.29
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
1,100
380
1,040
740
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
24.05
47.35
90.72
..
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
1,730
2,410
3,390
..
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
7.1
..
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
59
63
67
66
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
8.6
6.3
4.8
4.6
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
156
113
77
75
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
10
23
34
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
34
27
34
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
125
93
55
42
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
29.9
45.3
35.5
31.6
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
69
70
68
51
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
51
57
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
69.0
77.9
..
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
40
39
..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
1
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
0.6
0.6
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
139.1
161.1
169.8
169.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
6.5
5.1
5.0
4.4
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
181
242
292
71
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
106
127
221
52
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
12.64
9.68
30.91
21.61
GDP growth (annual %)
6.3
6.2
7.7
0.8
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
12.0
23.3
23.6
14.9
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
27
14
10
29
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
39
49
53
25
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
11
41
30
9
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
16
34
34
47
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
6.6
4.9
4.7
..
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.2
41.4
47.8
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.1
12.4
13.8
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
1
..
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
18
66
51
29
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
76
126
106
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
6,354
5,152
6,504
7,602
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
11.1
5.9
2.8
..
Net migration (thousands)
-16
-48
20
-81
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
1,498
1,288
1,526
3,433
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
-131
6
189
-371
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
449.8
312.8
458.9
3,906.3
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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