Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
65.50
77.15
87.46
98.94
Population growth (annual %)
2.1
1.1
1.1
0.9
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
331.0
329.2
331.0
331.3
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
201.2
248.0
279.1
315.7
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
4.3
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
45.1
29.9
2.9
1.0
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
8.53
30.20
119.48
350.32
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
130
390
1,370
3,540
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
75.27
199.41
456.69
1,131.07
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
1,150
2,580
5,220
11,430
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
7.8
7.5
6.5
6.8
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
69
72
74
74
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.6
2.1
1.9
1.9
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
45
30
35
35
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
53
74
78
73
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
59
92
96
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
52
30
23
21
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
40.7
26.6
11.7
11.6
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
88
97
98
89
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
101
99
116
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
101.2
112.7
99.5
120.0
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
35
56
..
96
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
1
..
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.3
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
93.8
117.8
133.9
147.2
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
2.9
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
14.3
20.0
22.8
22.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.9
3.4
3.3
2.8
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
273
372
674
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
99
297
1,028
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
6.47
31.17
147.20
366.47
GDP growth (annual %)
5.1
6.8
6.4
2.6
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
42.1
3.4
42.3
2.9
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
39
25
15
13
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
23
37
33
37
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
36
54
54
94
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
45
57
60
93
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
30
37
33
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
61
36
16
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
7.9
2.1
2.3
2.3
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
1.0
127.6
138.9
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.3
30.7
74.2
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
13
42
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
80
97
107
182
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
76
97
102
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
23,270
12,841
45,022
139,853
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
7.5
2.4
6.1
Net migration (thousands)
-57
-144
-4
-5
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
1,340
7,569
12,722
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
4
1,298
8,000
15,660
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
180.6
1,485.3
2,769.9
526.5
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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