Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
19.83
24.53
28.81
28.24
Population growth (annual %)
2.4
1.9
1.3
-0.7
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
912.1
912.1
912.1
912.1
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
22.5
27.8
32.7
32.0
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
41.6
26.8
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
5.3
10.3
..
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
52.44
99.73
335.82
..
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
2,640
4,070
11,660
..
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
185.30
280.57
470.34
..
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
9,350
11,440
16,320
..
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
4.5
4.0
..
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
72
72
73
71
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.4
2.8
2.5
2.2
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
99
97
96
73
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
58
70
75
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
94
98
99
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
30
22
17
24
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
6.7
3.9
2.9
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
61
84
79
68
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
77
83
92
101
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
104.3
100.6
101.1
108.4
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
53
60
81
95
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.5
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
520.3
491.5
475.1
461.7
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
39.0
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
0.9
1.1
2.8
2.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.0
2.2
1.3
-0.7
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
1,997
2,090
2,512
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
2,453
2,631
3,154
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
48.61
117.15
393.19
..
GDP growth (annual %)
6.5
3.7
-1.5
..
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
41.7
29.5
45.9
..
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
5
4
5
..
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
58
46
48
..
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
38
30
29
..
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
20
18
18
..
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
10
24
22
..
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
143
141
230
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
37.4
14.9
22.5
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.5
1.5
1.0
0.3
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
22.3
97.1
60.3
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
3.4
37.4
..
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
..
..
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
51
42
27
..
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
62
69
150
101
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
0
-2
-53
-333
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
1
17
143
0
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
451
4,703
1,583
2,319
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
80.5
78.1
53.1
273.1
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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