Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
20.46
24.79
28.39
34.24
Population growth (annual %)
2.4
1.3
1.6
1.9
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
447.4
444.1
444.1
448.9
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
50.5
56.9
65.1
77.7
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
17.0
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
81.3
..
2.3
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
12.90
15.43
40.28
76.91
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
630
620
1,420
2,250
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
54.53
64.57
158.94
318.14
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
2,660
2,600
5,600
9,290
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
7.2
..
7.2
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
65
66
69
71
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
4.1
2.6
2.3
3.2
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
44
22
22
31
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
67
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
95
100
99
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
71
62
30
14
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
7.4
..
1.8
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
84
99
98
99
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
99
100
98
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
110.4
99.2
95.9
97.9
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
99
85
90
86
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
26.3
29.6
33.5
37.2
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
5.8
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
326.7
305.3
260.0
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.6
2.3
2.5
2.0
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
2,266
2,052
1,522
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
2,388
1,771
1,664
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
13.36
13.76
49.77
77.34
GDP growth (annual %)
1.6
3.8
7.6
8.0
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
4.0
47.3
48.6
13.7
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
33
30
27
22
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
33
20
21
32
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
25
24
21
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
19
25
36
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
44
20
27
38
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
22.9
19.5
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
7.1
-4.2
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
28
14
3
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
14.9
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
12.4
13.4
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
..
1.2
..
3.6
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.2
73.2
102.9
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.5
15.9
76.6
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
..
0
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
43
40
41
49
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
62
103
164
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
60
4,948
7,981
40,606
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
4.7
24.0
Net migration (thousands)
-73
-67
-20
-9
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
3,435
9,277
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
..
..
1,663
2,280
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
1.5
185.2
198.1
1,161.9
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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