Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
249.62
282.16
309.33
332.05
Population growth (annual %)
1.1
1.1
0.8
0.2
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
9,629.1
9,632.0
9,831.5
9,831.5
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
27.3
30.8
33.8
36.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
0.5
0.7
1.0
0.2
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
6,006.41
10,147.90
15,214.98
23,684.74
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
24,060
35,960
49,190
71,330
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
5,902.48
10,385.20
15,185.16
23,777.60
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
23,650
36,810
49,090
71,610
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
5.7
5.6
5.4
6.1
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
75
77
79
76
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.1
2.1
1.9
1.7
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
61
47
34
16
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
71
73
76
74
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
99
99
99
99
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
11
9
7
6
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
0.8
1.1
1.0
0.4
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
90
91
92
92
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
..
101
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
105.5
101.4
99.5
98.3
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
96
94
96
101
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
0.4
0.4
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
3,024.5
3,035.4
3,087.2
3,098.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
15.9
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
16.5
16.8
14.9
15.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
1.4
1.5
1.0
0.4
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
7,672
8,057
7,161
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
11,713
13,671
13,395
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
5,963.14
10,250.95
15,048.97
23,594.03
GDP growth (annual %)
1.9
4.1
2.7
5.8
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
3.7
2.3
1.2
4.6
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
1
1
1
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
22
19
18
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
9
11
12
11
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
11
14
16
14
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
22
24
19
21
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
11.7
14.0
10.0
12.2
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-3.9
1.9
-6.8
-8.4
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
..
6
4
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
145.6
191.6
218.0
292.8
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
10.5
13.0
8.6
11.3
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
5.6
3.1
4.9
3.5
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
2.1
38.8
91.6
107.3
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.8
43.1
71.7
96.8
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
23
20
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
15
20
22
20
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
103
100
97
105
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
1,422
1,480
1,031
562
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
1,170
4,395
5,930
7,093
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
71,230
349,125
264,039
475,805
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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