Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
3.10
3.27
3.32
3.40
Population growth (annual %)
0.6
0.4
0.3
-0.1
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
176.2
176.2
176.2
176.2
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
17.7
18.7
19.0
19.4
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
9.9
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
0.7
0.7
0.2
0.1
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
8.84
23.46
36.26
55.04
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
2,850
7,180
10,930
16,200
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
20.04
35.59
57.19
89.97
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
6,460
10,900
17,230
26,490
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
5.3
5.1
5.0
5.7
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
73
75
77
75
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.5
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
62
67
60
27
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
99
100
100
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
24
17
11
7
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
6.5
4.8
4.0
1.8
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
97
89
95
93
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
96
97
101
101
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
110.1
110.2
110.0
108.0
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
81
97
99
120
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.6
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
8.0
13.7
17.3
20.5
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
2.4
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
3.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
Urban population growth (annual %)
1.0
0.7
0.5
0.0
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
725
947
1,232
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
1,247
2,064
2,850
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
9.30
22.82
41.95
60.76
GDP growth (annual %)
0.3
-1.9
7.8
5.6
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
106.8
3.5
5.7
11.2
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
9
6
7
8
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
35
22
25
18
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
24
17
26
32
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
18
20
25
25
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
12
14
19
18
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
23.8
24.7
28.7
30.8
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
0.5
-3.0
-1.5
..
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
45
64
7
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
64.2
30.2
55.5
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
16.2
14.7
18.1
18.5
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
3.5
2.4
1.9
2.1
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
12.5
132.3
136.9
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
10.5
46.4
87.6
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
7
9
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
33
25
37
33
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
99
85
87
104
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
-7
-11
-8
-1
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
0
125
126
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
0
263
2,191
5,165
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
45.9
21.5
45.9
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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