Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
52.05
49.56
46.46
44.30
Population growth (annual %)
0.3
-0.8
-0.4
-0.9
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
603.6
603.6
603.6
603.6
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
90.3
85.5
80.2
76.5
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
23.2
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
8.1
24.8
0.1
0.0
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
83.30
33.60
139.03
169.97
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
1,600
680
2,990
4,060
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
404.11
196.22
378.10
724.80
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
7,760
3,960
8,140
17,330
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
8.0
8.8
10.2
10.0
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
70
68
70
72
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.8
1.1
1.4
1.1
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
59
32
31
14
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
72
65
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
100
100
100
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
19
18
12
8
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
4.1
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
90
99
56
89
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
95
100
89
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
112.9
100.1
91.1
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
98
98
85
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
93.2
95.1
95.5
97.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
3.9
12.3
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
47.2
33.2
27.0
15.2
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.7
-1.0
-0.2
-0.8
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
4,842
2,700
2,849
2,096
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
4,773
2,757
3,510
3,165
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
81.39
32.38
141.21
199.77
GDP growth (annual %)
-6.3
5.9
4.1
3.4
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
16.2
27.5
13.7
24.8
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
24
14
7
11
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
43
32
26
23
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
28
60
46
41
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
29
55
49
42
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
26
20
18
14
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
25.9
33.2
30.1
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-0.6
-6.3
-3.5
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
90.7
41.5
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
13.6
15.0
19.1
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
0.4
3.5
2.7
3.4
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
1.7
117.8
135.0
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.7
23.3
79.2
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
5
5
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
20
88
80
71
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
120
122
126
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
551
13,915
124,527
136,908
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
20.3
38.4
15.2
Net migration (thousands)
76
-68
16
-1
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
419
6,535
18,060
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
0
595
6,451
7,954
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
651.4
2,215.9
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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