Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
17.57
24.00
32.39
45.91
Population growth (annual %)
3.2
3.1
2.9
3.2
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
241.6
241.6
241.6
241.6
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
87.9
120.1
161.5
229.0
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
56.4
33.8
24.5
16.1
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
72.8
80.6
63.5
54.4
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
5.64
6.40
21.94
39.35
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
320
270
680
860
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
11.57
26.69
66.62
120.57
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
660
1,110
2,060
2,630
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
4.9
6.0
5.9
6.6
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
48
50
60
66
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
7.0
6.8
6.0
4.5
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
180
169
133
111
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
5
23
30
52
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
38
36
57
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
182
144
76
50
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
19.7
19.2
14.1
9.7
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
52
57
73
90
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
59
56
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
71.9
130.2
121.3
..
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
11
10
24
..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
10.9
8.5
7.2
5.6
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
45.5
34.0
29.0
24.8
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
16.1
16.1
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
0.7
0.8
1.6
1.6
Urban population growth (annual %)
6.2
5.1
9.5
5.6
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
402
387
421
483
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
18
30
59
84
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
4.30
6.19
26.67
40.53
GDP growth (annual %)
6.5
3.1
5.6
3.5
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
44.4
11.1
5.6
2.5
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
53
28
33
24
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
10
21
28
27
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
7
11
14
16
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
19
22
24
26
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
13
19
27
24
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
14.0
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
-7.9
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
13.5
28.4
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
12.5
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
3.0
1.8
2.5
2.3
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.5
39.6
65.6
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.2
4.3
10.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
3
2
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
10
31
24
32
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
..
98
106
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
2,606
3,535
2,975
20,671
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
81.4
10.6
1.8
13.9
Net migration (thousands)
-22
-53
-168
43
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
238
771
1,155
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
-6
161
544
1,648
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
663.1
855.9
1,361.8
2,565.4
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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