Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
56.02
65.43
73.14
84.15
Population growth (annual %)
1.9
1.3
1.5
0.9
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
785.4
785.4
785.4
785.4
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
72.8
85.0
95.0
109.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
16.1
14.4
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
9.0
7.6
2.8
0.9
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
124.38
273.50
764.75
861.52
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
2,220
4,180
10,460
10,240
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
453.87
601.13
1,267.02
2,667.22
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
8,100
9,190
17,320
31,700
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
6.1
5.8
5.9
5.2
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
68
72
75
76
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.1
2.5
2.1
1.7
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
66
53
33
14
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
63
64
73
70
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
76
81
95
97
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
74
37
18
11
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
8.7
7.0
1.9
1.5
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
78
87
97
96
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
90
..
103
103
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
101.9
105.3
104.6
102.6
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
49
75
84
114
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
197.8
201.5
210.8
223.8
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
2.2
5.7
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
13.9
18.5
20.7
25.7
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.9
2.8
3.7
1.2
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
918
1,166
1,445
1,895
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
895
1,598
2,464
3,587
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
150.66
274.75
782.55
839.94
GDP growth (annual %)
9.3
7.0
8.5
11.8
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
58.2
49.4
6.9
29.3
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
17
10
9
6
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
31
27
25
31
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
13
20
22
35
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
18
22
25
35
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
25
24
28
34
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
13.7
17.2
31.4
29.5
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-3.0
-5.7
-2.7
-1.3
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
67.1
91.5
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
11.6
14.7
18.8
17.5
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
3.5
3.6
2.3
1.9
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.1
24.7
84.2
99.5
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
3.8
39.8
81.4
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
2
3
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
23
30
38
59
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
112
102
94
89
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
49,424
116,799
316,647
434,873
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
33.8
38.9
37.2
25.3
Net migration (thousands)
-27
-196
56
20
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
3,246
4,560
1,819
726
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
715
982
9,099
12,674
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
1,303.8
328.6
1,037.6
1,060.6
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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