Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
8.32
9.76
10.77
12.05
Population growth (annual %)
2.1
1.1
1.1
0.6
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
163.6
163.6
163.6
163.6
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
53.6
62.9
69.3
77.6
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
25.4
20.5
16.6
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
16.3
10.5
3.1
0.7
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
11.65
22.08
44.61
43.85
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
1,400
2,260
4,140
3,640
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
30.56
58.76
108.55
146.02
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
3,670
6,020
10,080
12,120
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
5.9
6.0
6.3
7.7
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
69
73
74
73
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.4
2.0
2.1
1.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
18
7
6
4
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
50
66
63
54
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
69
90
74
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
55
29
19
15
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
8.5
3.5
2.3
1.6
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
93
95
97
95
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
78
88
97
94
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
110.7
114.6
103.6
104.3
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
43
72
88
..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
6.4
6.7
6.9
7.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
3.7
5.2
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
73.1
62.0
74.3
92.1
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.5
1.7
1.5
1.1
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
594
748
956
964
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
625
971
1,348
1,520
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
12.29
21.47
46.21
47.07
GDP growth (annual %)
7.9
4.7
3.0
4.7
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
4.5
3.3
9.5
5.1
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
16
10
7
10
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
30
27
30
23
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
44
40
48
42
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
51
43
52
52
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
27
26
26
16
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
30.7
26.5
27.7
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-3.2
-2.4
-1.3
..
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
71.6
66.4
70.7
94.6
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
20.0
19.3
19.2
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.8
1.5
1.2
2.6
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
1.2
103.2
129.8
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
2.8
36.8
68.3
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
8
7
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
74
67
84
83
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
105
96
108
95
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
7,690
11,355
22,659
43,022
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
27.0
22.1
10.5
30.3
Net migration (thousands)
4
-6
-14
-9
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
551
796
2,063
2,967
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
77
751
1,334
547
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
392.5
222.8
543.2
1,116.5
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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