Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
1.25
1.32
1.32
1.37
Population growth (annual %)
0.9
0.4
0.6
0.1
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
244.1
257.3
256.9
266.6
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
1.3
..
..
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
4.53
6.84
21.86
22.38
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
3,610
5,180
16,590
16,370
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
7.94
17.00
38.58
41.48
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
6,340
12,880
29,280
30,330
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
5.5
..
..
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
68
69
72
71
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.4
1.7
1.6
1.6
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
63
40
40
37
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
53
38
40
37
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
98
96
98
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
33
29
25
20
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
4.9
4.3
4.9
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
70
90
92
93
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
92
91
87
85
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
90.3
102.8
97.6
92.8
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
82
..
..
87
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
..
..
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
1.2
1.4
1.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.3
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
2.1
2.0
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
8.2
8.6
8.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
1.2
0.6
0.2
0.2
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
4,782
7,576
15,019
11,221
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
2,618
3,834
6,238
6,460
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
5.07
8.15
22.16
24.50
GDP growth (annual %)
1.5
6.9
3.3
-1.0
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
15.5
12.0
12.7
19.1
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
3
1
1
1
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
47
48
54
40
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
17
23
20
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
27.1
32.9
24.0
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
2.0
-1.5
-10.5
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
58.5
45.2
33.1
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
22.1
26.2
16.5
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
0.5
0.2
0.6
0.9
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
12.1
134.3
130.9
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
7.7
48.5
84.4
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
0
0
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
61
93
79
59
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
83
83
92
115
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
-8
-5
-2
6
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
3
38
91
234
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
109
680
549
-935
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
17.0
-1.6
4.3
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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