Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
0.76
0.75
1.08
1.35
Population growth (annual %)
2.1
-11.4
2.4
1.8
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
14.9
14.9
14.9
14.9
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
51.1
50.1
72.9
90.8
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
36.3
50.4
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
55.7
60.1
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
0.36
0.49
3.12
2.77
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
450
660
2,870
2,050
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
1.05
1.55
7.99
8.80
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
1,380
2,080
7,370
6,520
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
7.3
9.5
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
45
58
64
66
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
5.8
5.9
4.8
2.9
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
63
61
46
28
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
25
8
22
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
24
29
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
225
111
71
53
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
40.6
44.9
31.9
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
..
56
66
72
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
75
101
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
151.2
128.0
123.6
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
41
68
85
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
..
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
9.6
9.5
9.4
9.2
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
3.3
5.2
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
..
14.3
14.3
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.8
-10.0
3.2
1.2
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
..
..
61
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
..
..
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
0.13
0.37
0.88
3.63
GDP growth (annual %)
10.7
58.1
9.3
5.4
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
4.1
3.0
11.0
59.1
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
28
26
9
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
16
9
62
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
11
9
64
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
165
126
36
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
34
43
14
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
0.0
0.0
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
0.0
0.0
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
0.0
0.0
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
..
..
3.0
1.1
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
2.2
43.6
102.7
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.0
3.0
35.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
..
0
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
..
28
30
41
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
..
128
120
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
76
279
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
0.0
0.3
Net migration (thousands)
-3
40
0
3
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
137
150
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
0
0
30
-239
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
0.1
231.3
285.3
256.5
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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