Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
3.76
4.58
5.56
7.09
Population growth (annual %)
2.6
2.0
2.0
2.0
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
488.1
488.1
488.1
491.2
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
8.4
9.8
11.8
15.1
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
35.1
..
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
3.92
2.69
20.70
51.03
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
1,040
590
3,720
7,200
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
20.17
18.59
45.73
115.83
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
5,360
4,060
8,220
16,330
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
6.1
..
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
64
65
69
69
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
4.3
2.9
2.8
2.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
22
24
24
24
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
62
..
50
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
97
..
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
79
70
44
42
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
11.0
..
3.1
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
76
96
99
97
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
..
100
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
..
..
99.1
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
..
..
90
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
..
..
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
41.3
41.3
41.3
41.3
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
3.2
3.2
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
1,767.1
1,990.5
1,868.0
Urban population growth (annual %)
2.5
2.5
2.7
2.9
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
4,643
3,248
4,078
5,129
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
2,051
1,668
2,178
2,659
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
3.19
2.90
22.58
50.01
GDP growth (annual %)
35.4
5.5
9.2
6.2
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
-20.9
23.5
2.3
2.8
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
33
23
11
12
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
30
41
59
37
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
39
55
46
21
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
27
48
51
12
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
40
35
52
..
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
..
2.9
..
..
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.2
57.5
88.2
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.1
3.0
..
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
..
..
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
45
148
54
27
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
82
113
157
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
276
2,627
1,682
4,986
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
22.1
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
-5
15
7
18
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
0
131
3,632
1,287
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
6.6
35.5
43.5
29.8
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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