Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
5.40
6.28
7.65
9.97
Population growth (annual %)
2.5
1.2
2.1
2.2
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
142.6
142.6
142.6
141.4
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
40.4
44.9
54.7
71.8
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
96.0
47.2
25.6
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
79.4
15.7
9.1
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
1.91
1.07
6.93
11.28
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
340
170
910
1,130
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
13.94
6.24
21.66
47.82
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
2,580
990
2,830
4,800
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
8.3
8.4
7.6
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
62
64
68
70
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
5.5
3.5
3.5
3.2
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
45
44
42
44
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
34
28
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
90
71
88
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
99
80
37
28
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
8.2
5.2
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
68
88
94
97
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
93
100
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
89.5
96.8
99.1
100.4
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
101
72
84
91
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
1
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.2
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
19.7
22.3
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
19.4
17.1
16.7
Urban population growth (annual %)
1.1
1.1
2.1
2.2
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
983
342
284
368
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
3,287
2,138
1,862
1,427
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
2.63
0.86
5.64
8.94
GDP growth (annual %)
-0.6
8.3
6.5
9.4
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
6.3
22.6
12.5
10.0
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
33
25
20
22
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
38
35
25
35
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
29
87
15
24
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
42
89
59
48
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
39
9
24
35
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
10.6
..
17.8
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-0.8
..
-1.6
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
7.6
10.4
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
7.7
..
10.3
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
0.0
0.6
1.0
1.0
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.0
77.6
116.2
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.0
11.6
49.8
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
..
0
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
13
170
68
71
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
120
119
109
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
10
1,141
3,561
6,591
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
12.6
30.9
11.9
Net migration (thousands)
-42
-14
-34
-4
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
79
2,021
2,922
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
9
24
94
84
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
11.8
111.8
324.1
557.5
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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