Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
54.74
63.01
68.58
71.73
Population growth (annual %)
1.6
1.1
0.7
0.1
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
513.1
513.1
513.1
513.1
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
107.1
123.3
134.2
140.4
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
42.3
16.4
6.3
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
12.3
4.0
0.3
0.0
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
84.09
124.59
308.01
508.38
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
1,540
1,980
4,490
7,090
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
240.06
450.22
849.73
1,401.70
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
4,390
7,150
12,390
19,540
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
5.9
6.2
6.6
7.6
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
70
72
76
79
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.1
1.6
1.6
1.3
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
50
39
53
27
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
66
78
80
73
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
66
99
99
99
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
37
21
13
8
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
16.3
..
9.2
6.7
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
80
94
98
93
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
86
..
104
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
102.8
96.6
97.6
104.2
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
30
64
85
103
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.9
2.2
1.7
1.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
193.6
190.0
200.7
198.4
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
13.3
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
..
25.5
25.5
Urban population growth (annual %)
2.5
2.5
3.7
1.5
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
766
1,147
1,718
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
733
1,447
2,261
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
85.34
126.39
341.10
506.26
GDP growth (annual %)
11.2
4.5
7.5
1.6
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
5.8
1.3
4.1
1.8
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
12
8
11
9
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
37
37
40
35
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
34
65
66
59
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
42
56
61
59
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
41
22
25
29
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
18.5
15.5
19.0
19.2
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
4.8
-1.8
-0.6
-7.1
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
35
34
6
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
133.4
203.5
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
16.9
13.0
14.9
15.1
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.6
1.5
1.5
1.3
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.1
4.8
105.1
168.8
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
3.7
22.4
85.3
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
26
25
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
66
104
110
106
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
118
99
98
102
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
28,165
79,830
107,166
196,676
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
16.9
16.3
4.7
5.2
Net migration (thousands)
153
122
53
-2
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
973
1,697
4,433
9,065
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
2,444
3,366
14,747
15,390
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
794.0
700.7
-20.4
132.4
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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