Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
5.98
8.51
12.31
17.83
Population growth (annual %)
2.8
3.5
3.5
3.4
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
1,284.0
1,284.0
1,284.0
1,284.0
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
4.8
6.8
9.8
14.2
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
44.8
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
66.7
45.2
39.5
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
1.59
1.51
10.87
11.28
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
270
180
880
630
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
4.12
6.31
21.03
29.86
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
690
740
1,710
1,680
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
6.3
4.9
6.9
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
45
48
50
53
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
7.2
7.2
7.0
6.3
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
199
194
184
138
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
8
5
8
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
14
17
47
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
212
184
148
108
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
29.2
30.3
21.4
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
32
28
46
53
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
17
22
31
44
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
51.7
63.4
83.8
89.4
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
6
11
23
24
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
0
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
1.0
2.0
1.6
1.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
67.3
63.5
55.3
42.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
18.6
21.0
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
2.1
5.2
5.9
5.9
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.8
3.6
3.7
4.5
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
297
242
219
196
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
12
7
5
17
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
1.74
1.39
10.67
11.78
GDP growth (annual %)
-4.2
-0.9
13.6
-1.2
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
8.0
5.3
6.4
7.2
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
28
41
28
25
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
17
11
36
40
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
13
17
37
39
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
28
35
44
44
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
7
23
34
19
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.0
1.4
5.8
2.8
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.1
24.2
60.2
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.0
1.7
13.1
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
..
..
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
27
36
56
37
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
93
83
149
119
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
514
1,099
2,158
3,586
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
4.3
..
1.9
8.1
Net migration (thousands)
-59
-4
10
75
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
1
..
0
0
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
9
115
313
705
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
310.6
131.3
490.2
730.4
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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