Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
12.58
16.64
22.48
21.63
Population growth (annual %)
3.2
2.5
2.3
2.7
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
185.2
185.2
185.2
185.2
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
68.4
90.5
122.4
117.8
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
30.1
35.2
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
1.1
1.2
24.8
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
10.13
14.83
55.75
15.25
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
810
890
2,480
700
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
..
..
..
95.73
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
..
..
..
4,430
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
7.2
6.3
9.2
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
70
71
74
72
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
5.4
4.0
3.4
2.7
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
83
61
50
41
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
40
47
54
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
77
..
96
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
37
23
19
22
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
11.5
6.0
10.4
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
87
84
82
70
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
90
91
107
56
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
106.9
107.4
117.1
70.1
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
50
44
74
38
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
3.7
4.3
4.9
5.2
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
0.7
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
157.0
211.3
197.1
195.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.7
3.2
2.9
3.9
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
832
928
963
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
682
1,050
1,733
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
12.31
18.94
61.39
14.35
GDP growth (annual %)
3.7
0.7
5.2
1.9
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
23.8
9.7
6.9
118.3
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
28
25
19
40
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
24
33
30
19
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
28
36
32
16
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
28
29
32
46
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
44
14
16
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
6.9
5.5
4.1
..
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.2
52.4
79.7
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.2
20.7
35.8
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
1
..
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
54
45
49
73
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
67
88
88
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
5,277
5,029
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
3.1
..
Net migration (thousands)
-7
-34
-54
211
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
385
180
1,623
0
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
0
270
1,469
..
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
882.8
159.8
131.1
9,690.5
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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