Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
0.85
1.03
1.10
1.19
Population growth (annual %)
3.3
1.2
0.5
1.0
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
17.4
17.4
17.4
17.4
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
49.7
59.9
63.9
69.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
69.0
63.0
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
56.1
49.3
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
1.06
1.68
3.69
4.49
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
1,250
1,630
3,350
3,770
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
3.04
4.84
7.86
11.26
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
3,560
4,690
7,140
9,440
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
4.5
4.0
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
63
47
47
57
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
5.3
4.0
3.4
2.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
133
107
83
70
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
20
28
65
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
65
82
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
69
114
88
52
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
9.1
5.9
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
85
92
94
80
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
62
65
86
90
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
94.3
98.1
125.4
113.5
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
48
44
64
..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
1
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
1.3
24.6
27.9
26.8
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
4.6
4.7
4.9
5.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
4.3
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
32.2
39.5
40.5
40.5
Urban population growth (annual %)
5.3
0.6
1.4
1.8
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
362
..
390
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
..
..
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
1.11
1.74
4.44
4.85
GDP growth (annual %)
21.0
1.8
3.8
10.7
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
30.4
25.3
3.2
-1.2
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
9
12
10
8
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
37
39
38
33
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
59
71
46
44
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
69
85
60
45
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
15
24
14
14
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
19.4
17.1
24.9
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-1.8
-13.4
-4.6
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
..
56
22
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
18.1
16.0
24.1
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.3
1.4
2.4
1.8
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
3.2
66.0
120.1
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.9
11.0
56.2
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
0
0
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
109
113
85
86
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
90
90
109
106
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
256
334
1,016
1,179
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
5.4
2.2
2.4
2.9
Net migration (thousands)
7
-7
-10
-5
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
113
57
55
132
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
30
91
136
113
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
53.6
13.1
91.1
125.0
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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