Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
0.87
1.04
1.11
1.21
Population growth (annual %)
4.1
1.0
0.6
1.2
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
17.4
17.4
17.4
17.4
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
50.7
60.5
64.6
70.2
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
69.0
63.0
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
65.0
58.2
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
1.06
1.67
3.62
4.37
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
1,220
1,600
3,260
3,620
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
2.93
4.68
7.72
11.15
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
3,350
4,490
6,940
9,240
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
4.5
4.0
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
61
48
48
58
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
5.3
4.0
3.4
2.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
139
110
84
71
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
20
28
65
58
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
65
82
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
66
113
82
48
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
9.1
5.9
5.0
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
85
92
94
80
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
62
65
84
106
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
93.5
98.6
123.2
117.2
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
48
43
65
..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
1
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
1.2
24.2
28.0
26.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
4.6
4.7
4.9
5.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
3.0
4.3
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
32.2
39.5
40.5
40.5
Urban population growth (annual %)
4.2
0.5
1.0
2.6
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
1,171
914
836
965
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
462
658
1,339
1,082
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
1.11
1.70
4.36
4.81
GDP growth (annual %)
21.0
1.8
3.8
4.2
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
30.4
22.4
2.9
0.1
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
9
10
8
7
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
37
41
39
33
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
42
45
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
43
45
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
..
16
20
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
19.9
17.4
25.1
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-1.9
-13.7
-4.6
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
18.6
16.3
24.3
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.3
1.5
2.4
1.7
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
3.2
65.3
118.6
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.9
11.0
54.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
0
0
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
109
115
86
87
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
90
90
104
94
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
256
334
1,017
1,179
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
5.4
2.2
2.4
2.9
Net migration (thousands)
7
-9
-11
-4
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
113
57
55
132
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
30
91
136
113
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
53.6
13.1
90.0
126.1
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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