Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
8.56
8.87
9.38
10.42
Population growth (annual %)
0.8
0.2
0.9
0.6
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
447.4
447.4
447.4
528.9
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
21.0
21.8
23.0
25.6
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
15.4
16.0
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.6
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
237.62
280.38
510.02
623.29
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
27,760
31,600
54,380
59,840
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
170.41
263.07
405.07
677.88
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
19,910
29,650
43,190
65,080
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
9.8
9.6
8.6
7.8
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
78
80
81
83
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.1
1.5
2.0
1.7
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
14
7
6
2
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
100
..
..
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
7
4
3
3
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
96
91
97
97
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
101
99
100
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
106.8
99.2
117.3
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
152
102
139
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
280.6
281.6
280.7
279.8
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
12.6
14.8
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.5
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.9
0.2
1.1
0.9
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
5,514
5,376
5,443
4,559
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
15,836
15,682
14,935
13,018
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
261.47
262.90
492.75
631.69
GDP growth (annual %)
0.8
4.6
5.8
5.2
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
9.5
1.6
1.0
2.7
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
4
2
1
1
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
27
26
24
23
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
28
43
45
47
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
28
38
40
44
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
29
22
22
25
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
38.8
38.6
33.9
33.6
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
3.0
3.1
-0.3
-0.7
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
21.7
30.4
27.8
28.0
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.5
1.8
1.2
1.2
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
5.4
71.8
117.2
125.0
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.6
45.7
90.0
94.7
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
19
14
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
43
61
62
60
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
108
103
101
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
36
25
51
52
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
153
438
4,061
3,262
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
1,982
22,818
625
57,981
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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