Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
2.00
1.99
2.05
2.11
Population growth (annual %)
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.3
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
20.3
20.3
20.3
20.5
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
99.1
98.8
101.7
104.7
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
13.6
12.1
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
0.0
0.0
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
14.21
22.42
50.35
59.80
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
7,120
11,270
24,580
28,360
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
24.50
35.72
56.24
96.85
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
12,260
17,960
27,450
45,940
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
9.7
10.2
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
73
75
79
81
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.5
1.3
1.6
1.6
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
24
8
5
4
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
100
100
100
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
10
5
3
2
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
90
95
95
95
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
95
99
98
97
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
97.7
99.6
98.1
99.8
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
87
103
99
108
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
12.0
12.3
12.5
12.4
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
40.0
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
4.8
5.0
5.0
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.4
0.3
0.9
0.8
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
2,858
3,224
3,579
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
5,335
5,778
6,511
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
19.83
20.16
47.79
61.53
GDP growth (annual %)
-8.9
3.5
1.1
8.4
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
94.9
5.5
-0.5
2.7
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
3
2
2
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
30
26
28
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
74
50
65
84
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
65
54
64
78
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
17
29
23
22
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
34.9
40.7
39.1
40.1
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-2.2
-5.4
-4.7
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
62
6
8
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
16.5
20.2
18.2
18.7
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.2
1.1
1.6
1.2
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
61.3
103.1
123.0
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
15.1
70.0
89.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
6
6
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
90
94
124
187
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
102
100
101
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
1
3
0
2
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
38
202
164
827
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
111
136
319
2,219
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
7.1
60.8
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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