Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
5.30
5.39
5.39
5.45
Population growth (annual %)
0.4
-0.1
0.1
-0.2
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
49.0
49.0
49.0
49.0
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
110.7
112.0
112.1
113.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
13.0
13.7
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
0.1
..
0.6
0.3
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
12.31
21.32
93.67
114.42
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
2,320
3,960
17,370
21,010
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
43.11
61.01
133.90
202.76
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
8,140
11,320
24,840
37,220
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
11.5
..
8.5
9.1
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
71
73
75
75
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.1
1.3
1.4
1.6
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
43
24
23
26
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
100
100
99
98
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
15
10
7
6
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
..
98
98
95
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
101
96
92
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
104.6
101.6
100.1
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
87
95
91
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
19.0
19.0
19.2
19.3
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
35.9
37.6
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
12.5
9.3
4.8
4.5
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.7
-0.3
-0.2
-0.3
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
4,025
3,293
3,441
3,306
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
5,542
4,956
5,201
5,405
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
17.07
20.63
91.11
120.51
GDP growth (annual %)
-14.6
0.8
6.8
5.7
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
34.6
9.7
0.5
2.2
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
2
1
2
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
30
30
27
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
24
53
77
91
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
33
56
78
91
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
30
28
25
23
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
37.7
31.5
37.7
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-13.1
-6.6
-5.1
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
18.5
15.0
19.0
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.0
1.7
1.2
1.7
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
23.1
109.9
135.3
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
9.4
75.7
88.9
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
7
9
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
84
119
146
172
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
..
105
95
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
-9
-1
-2
-8
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
79
18
1,591
2,429
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
199
2,183
2,116
2,720
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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