Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
0.41
0.48
0.55
0.62
Population growth (annual %)
1.0
2.1
1.2
0.9
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
163.8
163.8
163.8
163.8
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
2.6
3.0
3.4
3.8
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
..
1.1
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
0.58
0.93
4.03
2.76
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
1,400
1,950
7,330
4,470
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
2.67
3.45
7.00
9.96
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
6,470
7,240
12,730
16,120
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
..
5.9
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
64
66
70
70
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.3
2.9
2.6
2.3
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
92
82
68
50
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
42
48
39
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
71
90
98
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
45
31
23
17
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
11.1
5.8
6.7
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
65
84
87
58
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
80
..
83
77
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
109.0
105.9
107.7
97.5
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
54
70
73
66
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.5
1.2
1.5
1.6
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
153.8
153.4
153.0
151.8
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
8.5
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
0.5
0.7
0.6
0.6
Urban population growth (annual %)
1.1
2.2
1.1
1.0
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
..
1,323
1,304
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
2,239
2,868
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
0.39
0.95
4.37
3.11
GDP growth (annual %)
-4.5
2.1
5.2
-2.4
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
49.9
60.7
7.2
62.1
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
8
10
9
10
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
22
25
35
38
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
53
..
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
38
..
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
..
36
..
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
..
690
66
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
8.6
95.4
147.8
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
2.5
31.6
72.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
14
5
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
243
97
78
118
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
80
107
133
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
4,139
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
17.1
Net migration (thousands)
-6
2
-1
0
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
1
1
4
148
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
-300
..
-256
-133
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
61.0
34.8
100.8
28.8
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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