Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
4.74
6.03
9.75
10.87
Population growth (annual %)
0.5
4.4
5.3
1.6
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
..
..
646.9
646.9
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
..
..
17.0
17.2
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
44.9
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
..
..
7.92
..
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
..
..
770
..
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
..
..
16.04
..
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
..
..
1,560
..
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
3.9
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
29
48
57
57
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
7.4
6.8
5.3
4.0
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
159
148
115
99
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
4
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
..
19
40
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
301
180
107
97
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
27.7
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
..
..
62
74
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
29
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
..
90.4
98.4
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
..
11
122
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
..
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.8
2.4
2.2
1.7
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
..
..
71.6
71.6
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
20.0
15.5
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
..
2.5
2.5
Urban population growth (annual %)
6.4
5.9
6.7
3.0
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
..
..
59
73
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
..
39
51
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
..
..
14.60
..
GDP growth (annual %)
..
..
5.5
..
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
..
..
12.9
..
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
..
5
..
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
..
61
..
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
61
..
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
30
..
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
..
10
..
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
..
..
4.1
1.5
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
..
..
15.4
30.2
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
..
..
1.5
6.7
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
..
..
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
..
..
..
38
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
..
..
..
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
13
74
299
-154
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
135
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
..
..
161
68
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
435.8
2,120.7
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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