Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
7.90
7.52
7.29
6.83
Population growth (annual %)
0.1
-0.3
-0.4
-0.9
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
88.4
88.4
88.4
85.0
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
..
..
83.4
81.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
14.0
9.2
20.2
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
0.4
0.3
1.7
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
..
12.92
47.43
60.78
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
..
1,720
6,500
8,890
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
..
48.22
95.17
154.08
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
..
6,420
13,050
22,550
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
8.0
8.6
7.1
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
72
72
74
73
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.5
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
34
24
20
14
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
59
61
62
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
98
100
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
28
13
8
5
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
1.6
1.0
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
82
89
95
75
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
96
98
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
103.6
95.9
96.8
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
91
91
92
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
..
..
27.1
27.2
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
7.4
7.6
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
..
52.6
57.5
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.9
0.6
-0.1
-0.7
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
2,475
1,801
2,145
2,355
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
4,295
3,977
4,359
5,034
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
..
7.33
43.54
66.16
GDP growth (annual %)
..
6.1
1.6
7.9
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
..
79.2
5.0
5.7
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
15
6
5
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
35
25
24
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
8
31
52
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
13
43
60
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
9
17
25
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
33.1
34.6
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
-3.4
-8.0
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
19.4
19.7
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
..
4.6
2.0
2.7
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
..
..
136.0
125.1
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
..
..
40.9
81.2
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
5
..
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
..
..
61
90
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
..
98
99
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
17,793
11,573
32,907
42,009
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
32.7
17.1
Net migration (thousands)
-16
-14
4
-9
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
4,117
4,598
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
..
..
1,693
4,600
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
1,134.3
635.3
534.3
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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