Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
3.05
4.03
5.08
5.45
Population growth (annual %)
3.9
1.7
1.8
-4.2
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
4,548.0
6,011.8
7,231.8
7,595.5
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
..
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
34.88
95.39
228.09
354.56
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
11,450
23,680
44,930
65,010
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
71.84
175.27
378.65
614.62
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
23,580
43,510
74,590
112,700
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
..
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
75
78
82
83
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.8
1.6
1.2
1.1
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
7
8
4
2
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
65
62
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
100
100
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
8
4
3
2
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
3.3
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
84
96
95
96
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
..
101
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
..
..
99.9
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
..
..
103
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
..
..
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
3.0
2.5
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
200.5
313.9
219.9
58.2
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.9
1.7
1.8
-4.2
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
3,783
4,635
4,857
5,966
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
4,983
7,575
8,688
10,220
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
36.14
96.08
239.81
436.59
GDP growth (annual %)
9.8
9.0
14.5
9.8
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
4.7
3.9
1.1
10.9
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
0
0
0
0
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
31
32
27
25
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
177
188
198
183
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
167
176
172
146
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
36
35
28
24
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
25.4
25.7
16.8
17.1
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
10.5
11.0
7.5
1.7
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
14.5
14.9
12.8
12.7
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
4.6
4.5
3.4
2.6
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
1.7
68.1
145.5
158.0
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
36.0
71.0
96.9
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
52
55
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
314
283
276
198
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
133
114
96
94
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
67
55
73
-44
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
5,575
15,515
55,322
145,405
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
-1.7
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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