Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
7.72
9.97
12.64
17.22
Population growth (annual %)
2.9
2.4
2.4
2.5
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
196.7
196.7
196.7
196.7
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
40.1
51.8
65.6
89.4
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
55.2
46.7
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
70.1
52.4
41.0
9.9
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
6.95
6.52
16.91
26.41
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
900
650
1,340
1,530
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
11.37
19.27
33.33
70.04
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
1,470
1,930
2,640
4,070
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
3.5
6.6
6.1
7.3
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
57
58
64
67
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.4
5.5
5.1
3.9
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
106
94
81
62
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
8
11
13
27
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
47
58
65
75
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
137
129
63
43
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
20.4
17.8
18.4
16.2
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
51
48
81
76
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
41
39
58
64
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
53.5
69.9
84.3
82.9
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
15
16
37
47
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.2
0.7
0.6
0.3
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
93.0
88.5
84.7
80.3
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
14.5
15.5
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
5.5
6.2
9.1
11.9
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.2
2.8
3.3
3.5
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
218
241
313
294
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
101
101
224
330
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
7.39
6.01
16.12
27.52
GDP growth (annual %)
-0.7
3.9
3.4
6.5
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
-0.2
1.3
1.6
1.4
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
18
16
16
16
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
22
24
22
24
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
17
18
20
25
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
28
31
32
45
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
15
22
20
38
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
20.8
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
-6.0
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
17.6
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.6
1.0
1.2
1.8
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
2.6
66.6
117.7
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.4
8.0
57.3
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
2
2
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
27
41
43
54
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
159
92
93
104
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
3,750
3,653
4,650
28,997
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
21.1
16.2
5.4
28.9
Net migration (thousands)
-13
-43
-70
26
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
142
234
1,479
3,097
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
57
82
272
2,588
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
811.7
432.1
936.4
1,389.4
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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