Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
22.02
27.82
35.41
48.07
Population growth (annual %)
2.0
2.5
2.4
2.7
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
2,505.8
2,505.8
2,505.8
1,878.0
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
..
..
19.8
25.7
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
46.5
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
18.6
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
20.14
11.33
55.41
29.87
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
750
330
1,230
620
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
36.12
84.11
159.72
150.03
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
1,350
2,480
3,540
3,120
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
6.8
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
55
59
63
64
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.1
5.6
5.1
4.5
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
91
106
89
69
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
9
7
9
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
69
..
73
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
132
103
74
54
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
29.8
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
57
58
90
81
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
64
67
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
58.7
75.7
77.8
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
31
43
48
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
..
..
197.3
181.9
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
2.6
2.8
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
..
673.4
673.4
Urban population growth (annual %)
6.3
2.7
2.7
3.7
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
483
487
445
426
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
60
81
178
304
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
33.64
12.26
58.96
34.23
GDP growth (annual %)
-5.5
6.3
3.9
-1.9
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
66.2
9.9
22.7
235.5
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
39
41
32
6
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
15
20
21
7
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
4
16
17
2
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
7
13
15
2
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
10
25
20
3
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
799.0
11.4
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-38.8
-4.3
..
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
638.7
5.9
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
4.8
4.8
5.5
0.9
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.1
53.6
75.6
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.0
8.7
26.4
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
0
2
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
3
27
36
44
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
..
133
100
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
14,798
16,097
22,593
22,976
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
9.7
13.5
4.2
45.2
Net migration (thousands)
-255
-165
-339
32
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
62
641
1,456
1,119
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
-31
392
2,064
523
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
848.2
225.3
2,025.8
3,821.5
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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