Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
10.64
16.18
23.98
30.78
Population growth (annual %)
4.9
4.5
-1.0
-2.5
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
2,149.7
2,149.7
2,149.7
2,149.7
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
4.9
7.5
11.2
14.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
..
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
119.48
169.01
523.12
938.25
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
11,230
10,450
21,820
30,480
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
525.11
788.93
1,449.90
1,952.89
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
49,350
48,770
60,470
63,440
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
..
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
69
73
76
77
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
5.8
4.2
2.8
2.2
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
64
29
18
10
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
21
24
40
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
88
91
97
95
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
44
22
12
7
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
3.5
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
88
94
98
98
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
122
97
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
..
128.1
100.9
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
..
100
104
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
..
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.8
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
28.3
4.5
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
671.7
819.8
914.5
974.2
Urban population growth (annual %)
5.8
4.7
-0.7
-2.3
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
5,452
6,516
7,965
7,467
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
6,130
7,236
9,120
12,075
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
117.63
189.51
528.21
982.66
GDP growth (annual %)
9.4
4.7
5.0
6.5
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
12.7
11.9
17.2
20.1
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
6
5
3
2
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
49
53
58
46
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
40
43
50
29
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
31
25
33
22
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
16
19
31
26
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
37.4
26.2
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
4.4
-2.0
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
2.5
8.6
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
14.0
10.5
8.6
7.2
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.1
8.5
205.0
145.0
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
2.2
41.0
100.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
1
0
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
58
57
68
44
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
..
131
149
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
160
469
505
-106
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
236
295
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
1,861
-1,881
4,879
28,350
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
14.7
22.0
-131.1
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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