Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
7.38
8.21
10.32
13.36
Population growth (annual %)
2.6
0.8
2.5
2.2
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
26.3
26.3
26.3
26.3
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
299.0
333.0
418.2
541.4
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
39.1
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
82.3
70.2
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
2.53
2.19
6.06
11.25
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
340
270
590
840
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
4.03
4.97
13.45
35.73
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
550
600
1,300
2,680
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
5.2
5.6
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
48
48
63
67
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.8
6.0
4.5
3.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
57
47
42
31
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
21
13
52
64
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
26
31
69
94
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
151
185
63
42
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
24.2
20.3
11.7
7.7
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
83
74
95
87
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
44
21
76
95
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
73.6
97.4
155.3
151.1
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
16
10
32
44
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
3.3
4.8
3.7
2.4
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
3.2
2.9
2.7
2.8
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
10.7
9.1
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
1.6
4.0
6.4
Urban population growth (annual %)
4.0
6.8
2.5
3.0
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
815
406
349
366
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
20
25
28
61
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
2.55
2.07
6.12
11.07
GDP growth (annual %)
-2.4
8.4
7.3
10.9
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
13.5
3.3
3.2
2.9
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
33
31
24
24
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
25
17
16
20
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
6
5
11
20
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
14
22
27
35
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
15
12
21
27
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
10.8
..
..
21.5
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-5.4
..
..
-5.4
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
8.8
..
..
14.5
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
3.7
3.5
1.2
1.5
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.5
34.4
81.0
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.1
8.0
24.4
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
7
5
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
16
13
28
40
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
23
58
115
119
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
712
1,290
1,233
9,318
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
14.3
27.3
7.2
29.1
Net migration (thousands)
-41
-154
-30
-21
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
3
7
106
391
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
8
8
216
212
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
287.9
321.5
1,033.1
1,330.3
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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