Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
23.20
22.44
20.25
19.12
Population growth (annual %)
0.2
-0.1
-0.6
-0.7
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
238.4
238.4
238.4
238.4
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
101.2
97.7
88.0
83.1
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
22.3
21.2
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
4.2
1.8
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
28.27
38.36
176.43
271.85
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
1,240
1,710
8,710
14,220
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
121.98
130.44
347.33
713.45
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
5,260
5,810
17,150
37,310
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
5.7
6.0
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
70
71
73
73
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.8
1.3
1.6
1.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
52
39
41
33
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
57
64
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
100
99
100
93
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
31
22
12
7
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
5.0
3.7
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
92
98
95
86
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
96
94
97
89
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
95.5
104.3
100.0
90.8
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
103
82
102
86
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
63.7
63.7
65.2
69.3
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
24.4
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
48.2
22.8
14.7
18.6
Urban population growth (annual %)
1.5
-0.4
-0.4
-0.5
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
2,683
1,614
1,730
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
2,925
1,988
2,551
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
38.25
37.25
170.06
286.58
GDP growth (annual %)
-12.9
2.5
-3.9
5.5
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
195.0
43.2
5.9
5.6
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
22
11
5
5
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
46
30
38
26
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
17
22
32
40
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
26
27
38
46
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
30
20
27
26
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
34.4
32.0
30.1
30.2
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
0.9
-4.9
-7.0
-7.4
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
29
8
20
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
23.1
18.0
16.2
14.9
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
4.5
2.5
1.2
1.9
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
11.4
119.8
118.6
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
3.6
39.9
83.6
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
13
11
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
33
63
66
71
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
91
99
99
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
-38
-92
-122
-18
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
96
641
9,116
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
18
1,037
3,214
11,738
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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