Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
0.44
0.64
1.62
2.50
Population growth (annual %)
3.4
5.2
0.5
-10.9
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
11.6
11.6
11.6
11.5
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
37.9
55.6
139.3
218.0
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
..
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
7.50
12.65
117.43
167.76
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
17,040
19,620
72,630
66,970
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
25.24
52.79
219.52
288.16
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
57,330
81,850
135,770
115,040
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
..
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
73
75
79
81
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
4.2
3.1
2.1
1.6
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
53
20
15
5
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
32
43
38
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
100
100
100
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
21
13
9
6
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
2.0
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
79
91
99
99
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
86
98
91
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
94.4
103.0
89.6
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
88
98
96
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
0.8
5.8
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
342.0
292.7
424.6
446.4
Urban population growth (annual %)
4.0
5.4
0.7
-10.9
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
14,843
16,939
16,780
17,101
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
10,378
13,180
16,314
19,449
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
7.36
17.76
123.63
179.73
GDP growth (annual %)
3.4
8.0
19.6
1.6
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
9.7
32.7
5.7
22.5
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
0
0
0
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
..
73
60
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
67
63
59
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
22
24
34
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
20
32
37
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
10.7
3.9
1.5
6.5
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.9
18.7
127.9
137.7
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
4.9
69.0
99.7
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
0
2
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
72
84
79
64
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
74
131
140
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
5
23
91
25
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
574
859
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
5
252
4,670
-1,093
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
3.0
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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