Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
1.98
2.92
3.79
4.92
Population growth (annual %)
4.5
2.6
2.6
2.5
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
328.6
485.4
628.9
817.1
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
25.7
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
0.6
2.1
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
..
4.54
9.51
21.00
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
..
1,550
2,510
4,270
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
..
9.04
16.52
33.46
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
..
3,090
4,360
6,800
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
7.5
6.6
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
68
70
73
74
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.8
5.5
4.4
3.4
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
112
91
51
38
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
51
53
57
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
97
99
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
45
30
22
15
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
2.2
3.7
2.1
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
91
93
98
98
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
94
97
95
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
97.5
90.9
93.1
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
76
89
90
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
8.4
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
34.6
33.3
41.2
Urban population growth (annual %)
5.2
2.9
2.9
2.8
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
..
..
..
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
..
..
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
..
4.31
9.68
18.11
GDP growth (annual %)
..
-8.6
5.8
7.0
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
..
10.4
13.2
9.0
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
10
9
6
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
21
19
18
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
21
14
17
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
67
54
56
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
32
20
25
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
20.5
23.4
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
1.8
-1.6
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
18.8
21.5
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.2
64.8
78.2
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
1.1
37.4
82.2
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
3
2
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
115
93
83
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
0
-11
-26
-12
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
864
927
3,760
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
..
62
180
353
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
178.7
684.5
2,512.6
2,160.3
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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