Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
9.98
10.29
10.57
10.36
Population growth (annual %)
-0.2
0.7
0.0
0.6
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
92.1
92.1
92.2
92.2
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
109.1
112.5
115.4
113.1
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
20.4
18.0
16.4
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
1.1
0.2
0.3
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
71.21
125.37
243.54
248.48
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
7,130
12,180
23,030
23,980
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
117.53
191.16
279.32
396.58
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
11,770
18,580
26,420
38,270
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
6.2
7.0
7.4
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
74
76
79
81
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.4
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
24
22
14
6
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
98
100
100
99
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
15
7
4
3
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
85
87
96
98
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
..
104
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
119.5
109.8
105.7
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
108
108
119
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.2
0.5
0.6
0.5
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
34.0
32.8
32.5
33.1
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
7.4
17.1
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
22.6
28.1
23.5
16.1
Urban population growth (annual %)
1.1
1.9
0.5
0.6
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
1,681
2,390
2,223
1,943
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
2,525
3,989
4,959
4,902
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
78.71
118.61
238.44
256.06
GDP growth (annual %)
4.0
3.8
1.7
5.6
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
13.1
3.4
0.8
2.0
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
3
2
2
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
24
20
19
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
29
28
30
42
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
36
39
38
44
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
28
29
21
21
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
28.6
35.3
34.6
37.7
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-4.1
-2.8
-10.6
-2.5
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
17.7
20.9
19.9
22.3
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.8
1.4
1.5
1.5
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.1
64.8
115.4
119.8
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
16.4
53.3
82.3
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
4
6
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
53
54
53
68
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
..
98
96
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
-35
61
-6
70
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
4,479
259
517
1,367
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
2,610
7,293
8,998
9,239
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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