Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
3.54
3.81
3.72
3.26
Population growth (annual %)
0.9
0.3
-0.5
-0.6
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
8.9
8.9
8.9
8.9
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
398.8
429.6
419.6
367.8
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
..
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
21.03
40.19
62.98
73.66
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
5,950
10,550
16,920
22,580
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
33.51
58.67
75.23
91.21
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
9,470
15,400
20,220
27,960
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
..
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
74
76
78
80
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.4
2.0
1.6
0.9
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
75
73
53
15
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
..
..
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
..
..
..
..
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
..
..
..
..
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
..
69
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
..
99.1
83.1
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
..
87
114
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
..
..
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
3.2
4.3
4.9
5.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
2.1
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
11.2
12.1
14.3
12.3
Urban population growth (annual %)
2.0
0.4
-0.6
-0.6
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
..
..
..
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
..
..
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
30.60
61.70
98.38
106.43
GDP growth (annual %)
-2.8
3.3
-0.4
0.4
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
11.9
3.3
2.5
2.8
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
1
1
1
1
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
42
46
51
50
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
63
62
63
54
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
51
44
41
42
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
17
20
9
11
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
7
7
6
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.6
34.4
78.9
112.4
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
10.5
45.3
84.8
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
..
..
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
..
..
..
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
-7
-19
-31
-7
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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