Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
38.11
38.26
38.04
36.98
Population growth (annual %)
0.4
-1.0
-0.3
-2.5
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
312.7
312.7
312.7
312.7
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
124.4
124.9
124.2
120.8
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
12.2
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
0.3
0.1
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
79.92
179.51
484.41
646.11
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
2,080
4,690
12,730
17,470
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
223.47
408.28
772.15
1,451.72
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
5,860
10,670
20,300
39,260
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
7.3
8.6
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
71
74
76
75
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.1
1.4
1.4
1.3
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
30
17
16
7
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
73
..
51
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
98
99
100
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
17
9
6
4
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
0.9
0.7
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
95
97
98
91
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
97
98
97
98
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
99.5
100.3
98.6
96.6
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
85
101
100
111
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
88.8
90.6
93.3
95.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
34.2
38.0
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
28.3
22.7
20.3
17.3
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.5
-1.0
-0.5
-2.4
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
2,706
2,322
2,642
2,921
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
3,272
3,256
3,797
4,631
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
65.98
172.95
478.11
689.17
GDP growth (annual %)
-7.0
4.7
3.2
6.9
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
55.3
6.1
1.6
5.3
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
3
3
2
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
29
30
28
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
27
40
57
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
34
42
54
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
25
21
22
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
34.0
32.0
35.8
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-3.6
-6.1
-2.3
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
16.9
16.5
19.0
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.6
1.8
1.8
2.2
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
17.5
121.6
132.1
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
7.3
62.3
85.4
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
8
9
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
39
47
71
99
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
100
102
98
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
-50
-16
120
2
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
..
1,496
7,712
7,929
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
89
9,335
18,861
37,512
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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