Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
61.56
77.96
94.64
113.88
Population growth (annual %)
2.4
2.2
1.8
1.5
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
300.0
300.0
300.0
300.0
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
206.5
261.5
317.4
381.9
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
26.3
18.1
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
14.5
11.3
3.0
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
51.23
91.94
222.93
404.20
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
830
1,180
2,360
3,550
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
161.51
293.25
588.15
1,037.46
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
2,620
3,760
6,210
9,110
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
5.1
5.3
6.5
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
66
69
71
69
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
4.4
3.7
3.3
2.7
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
55
52
61
48
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
40
47
49
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
53
58
72
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
56
37
30
28
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
29.9
28.3
20.2
16.7
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
85
78
87
57
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
89
101
92
91
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
109.7
110.6
107.7
90.6
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
72
77
84
87
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
77.8
73.1
68.4
72.2
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
3.7
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
..
17.4
18.6
Urban population growth (annual %)
4.1
2.0
1.7
2.1
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
466
513
427
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
363
500
633
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
50.51
83.67
208.37
394.09
GDP growth (annual %)
3.1
4.4
7.3
5.7
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
13.0
5.8
4.4
2.3
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
19
14
14
10
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
38
35
32
29
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
19
43
33
26
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
24
42
33
38
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
23
16
20
21
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
14.2
14.0
12.8
15.5
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-2.5
-4.0
-3.3
-8.3
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
37
29
33
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
100.8
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
12.4
12.4
11.6
14.1
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.1
1.6
1.2
1.4
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
8.3
87.9
143.4
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
2.0
25.0
63.4
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
..
64
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
42
90
53
50
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
106
122
99
96
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
30,580
58,441
65,346
106,448
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
27.6
22.9
18.7
12.2
Net migration (thousands)
-149
-123
-183
-80
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
1,465
6,924
21,557
36,685
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
530
1,487
1,070
11,983
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
1,143.1
552.8
582.5
1,633.9
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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