Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
22.01
26.60
29.09
33.16
Population growth (annual %)
2.2
1.6
0.7
1.0
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
1,285.2
1,285.2
1,285.2
1,285.2
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
17.2
20.8
22.7
25.9
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
48.4
30.8
25.9
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
25.5
11.2
5.2
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
18.57
52.20
127.97
217.14
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
840
1,960
4,400
6,550
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
69.60
130.32
261.77
467.47
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
3,160
4,900
9,000
14,100
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
3.5
4.3
5.8
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
64
70
73
72
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.9
2.8
2.4
2.0
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
85
74
61
44
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
59
69
74
78
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
80
59
84
95
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
80
38
20
16
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
8.8
5.2
4.3
2.1
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
64
97
94
78
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
85
97
104
95
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
115.3
116.4
112.2
113.8
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
66
81
96
102
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.4
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
764.5
753.0
740.5
721.6
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
19.2
13.7
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
..
1.1
1.5
Urban population growth (annual %)
2.8
2.1
0.9
1.2
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
442
506
603
775
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
542
663
1,105
1,532
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
26.41
51.74
147.53
226.33
GDP growth (annual %)
-5.0
2.7
8.3
13.4
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
6,261.2
3.5
5.7
10.1
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
8
8
7
7
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
26
29
36
36
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
16
17
28
29
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
14
19
24
26
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
16
20
24
22
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
12.5
17.9
20.3
20.7
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-8.1
-2.1
0.5
-3.2
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
20.1
26.8
18.9
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
10.7
12.6
15.5
15.9
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.7
1.8
1.5
1.2
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
4.8
100.1
130.0
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
3.1
34.8
71.1
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
9
4
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
22
28
45
49
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
70
61
115
128
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
20,298
28,834
42,154
86,811
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
11.1
28.9
16.6
7.7
Net migration (thousands)
-29
-92
-181
42
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
87
718
2,534
3,608
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
41
810
8,455
7,142
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
397.1
412.7
-305.6
304.9
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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