Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
2.46
3.01
3.63
4.35
Population growth (annual %)
2.1
2.0
1.8
1.2
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.3
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
33.0
40.5
48.8
58.6
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
37.9
29.8
21.8
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
27.1
16.3
7.7
3.3
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
6.52
11.46
27.22
64.85
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
2,660
3,810
7,500
14,920
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
10.92
23.23
52.19
126.45
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
4,450
7,720
14,380
29,100
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
1.3
2.2
3.3
3.7
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
71
73
76
77
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.1
2.7
2.6
2.2
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
96
92
91
58
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
63
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
86
91
93
95
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
31
26
19
15
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
5.3
3.9
2.9
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
73
97
97
92
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
84
92
95
95
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
102.0
104.7
105.5
100.9
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
60
64
72
..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.3
0.7
0.9
1.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
46.1
44.4
43.3
42.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
5.2
27.7
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
..
0.8
0.9
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.1
2.8
2.0
1.2
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
602
791
948
1,033
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
838
1,275
1,746
2,420
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
6.43
11.97
30.23
67.40
GDP growth (annual %)
8.1
4.2
6.1
16.5
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
0.6
-1.5
2.6
1.4
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
8
6
4
3
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
19
18
19
26
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
57
69
70
42
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
64
70
75
39
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
21
28
37
31
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
11.2
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
-6.6
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
78.3
89.8
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
7.5
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
1.3
1.0
..
..
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
13.6
183.2
147.9
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
6.6
40.1
77.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
1
0
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
29
35
92
50
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
86
125
103
94
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
-1
3
5
5
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
110
16
410
567
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
136
828
2,549
1,833
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
99.7
26.9
126.8
92.6
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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