Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
3.33
3.86
4.35
5.08
Population growth (annual %)
0.9
0.6
1.1
0.2
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
267.7
267.7
267.7
267.7
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
12.6
14.7
16.5
19.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
..
..
..
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
45.43
54.29
129.43
232.87
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
13,640
14,070
29,750
45,800
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
47.27
78.23
129.45
238.66
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
14,190
20,280
29,750
46,940
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
..
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
75
79
81
82
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
2.2
2.0
2.2
1.7
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
36
29
29
11
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
97
97
97
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
11
7
6
5
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
90
85
91
91
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
..
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
..
98.8
99.0
97.9
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
..
112
119
118
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
93.7
98.5
98.5
99.1
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
27.9
30.6
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
0.7
1.0
1.6
3.0
Urban population growth (annual %)
1.2
0.6
1.1
0.3
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
3,895
4,467
4,147
3,908
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
9,072
9,421
9,630
8,203
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
45.50
52.62
146.89
253.98
GDP growth (annual %)
0.2
2.9
1.5
4.5
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
2.4
2.9
3.2
4.6
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
6
8
7
6
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
27
24
21
19
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
27
36
30
22
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
26
33
28
26
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
20
22
20
25
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
38.5
33.1
32.3
32.7
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-1.9
1.6
-2.6
-2.1
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
178.9
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
32.7
28.6
26.1
29.0
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.3
1.6
1.2
1.2
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
1.6
40.0
108.3
114.5
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
47.4
80.5
92.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
10
10
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
42
52
42
37
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
74
93
115
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
70
-7
7
-15
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
762
215
371
462
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
1,685
-1,508
286
5,305
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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