Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
4.24
4.49
4.89
5.41
Population growth (annual %)
0.3
0.6
1.2
0.5
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
385.2
385.2
385.2
624.5
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
11.6
12.3
13.4
14.8
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
12.2
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.2
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
112.41
164.36
434.86
442.24
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
26,500
36,600
88,940
81,770
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
76.04
163.83
287.72
481.37
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
17,930
36,480
58,850
89,010
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
10.2
9.9
9.5
8.8
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
77
79
81
83
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.9
1.9
2.0
1.6
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
18
12
8
2
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
74
..
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
99
99
99
99
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
9
5
3
2
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
87
88
93
97
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
100
99
100
99
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
99.4
99.1
99.6
99.0
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
103
116
113
120
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
121.3
121.1
121.0
121.9
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
15.1
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.7
Urban population growth (annual %)
0.5
1.2
1.6
1.0
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
4,967
5,826
6,935
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
23,354
24,994
24,891
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
119.79
171.46
431.05
503.37
GDP growth (annual %)
1.9
3.3
0.8
3.9
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
3.8
15.3
6.0
20.2
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
3
2
2
2
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
30
37
35
38
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
39
46
40
43
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
33
29
28
28
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
25
22
25
25
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
40.9
47.5
47.0
47.5
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
1.8
15.4
11.7
9.9
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
18
6
4
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
93.3
125.4
135.9
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
21.3
26.7
26.7
25.5
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.9
1.7
1.5
1.7
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
4.6
71.8
114.5
109.7
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.7
52.0
93.4
99.0
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
20
21
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
51
55
48
51
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
81
112
113
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
2
10
43
20
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
158
270
680
672
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
1,002
8,332
21,634
14,179
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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