Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
14.95
15.93
16.62
17.53
Population growth (annual %)
0.7
0.7
0.5
0.5
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
41.5
41.5
41.5
41.5
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
442.9
471.7
492.6
520.7
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
14.5
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
1.0
0.2
0.0
0.1
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
297.51
448.88
888.42
1,019.62
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
19,900
28,190
53,470
58,150
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
278.58
504.59
741.65
1,205.84
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
18,630
31,680
44,640
68,780
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
8.4
9.2
9.0
9.4
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
77
78
81
81
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.6
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
9
7
5
2
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
76
75
75
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
100
..
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
8
6
4
4
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
..
1.0
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
94
96
96
93
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
..
..
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
101.3
107.4
106.8
104.4
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
124
123
125
136
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.7
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
25.3
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
72.6
76.7
99.4
72.2
Urban population growth (annual %)
1.3
1.7
1.5
0.9
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
4,395
4,739
5,025
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
5,218
6,507
7,006
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
318.80
417.65
852.46
1,054.47
GDP growth (annual %)
4.2
4.2
1.3
6.3
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
1.6
3.3
0.7
2.7
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
4
2
2
2
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
26
21
19
18
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
55
66
69
86
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
49
59
61
77
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
24
22
20
22
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
41.8
38.1
37.7
38.5
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-4.0
1.2
-4.2
-2.4
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
9
8
4
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
23.3
20.9
20.9
23.9
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.4
1.4
1.3
1.4
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.5
67.6
115.4
125.1
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.3
44.0
90.7
92.1
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
28
22
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
81
108
128
151
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
106
98
97
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
54
59
34
106
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
709
426
2,779
3,957
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
10,676
63,110
53,286
-115,499
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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