Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
4.16
5.02
5.74
6.64
Population growth (annual %)
2.3
1.4
1.4
1.2
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
130.4
130.4
130.4
130.4
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
34.6
41.7
47.7
55.2
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
45.8
42.5
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
38.3
17.8
8.3
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
1.29
4.89
8.53
13.48
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
310
970
1,490
2,030
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
8.18
13.54
22.55
44.11
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
1,970
2,700
3,930
6,640
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
2.3
3.9
5.3
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
62
66
72
70
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
4.6
3.1
2.6
2.3
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
149
114
108
95
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
49
69
80
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
61
67
88
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
66
38
23
15
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
9.6
7.7
4.6
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
82
86
99
83
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
38
65
79
81
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
86.1
101.1
115.1
107.0
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
35
53
68
70
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
64.0
54.0
41.9
33.1
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
15.5
10.0
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
0.9
1.0
0.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
2.9
1.6
1.8
1.7
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
485
500
529
601
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
307
348
468
618
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
1.01
5.11
8.76
14.14
GDP growth (annual %)
-0.1
4.1
4.4
10.3
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
5,016.1
8.6
6.1
3.5
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
..
18
17
15
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
..
20
22
27
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
25
20
40
47
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
46
41
60
60
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
19
27
25
23
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
30.0
11.6
14.7
20.6
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-34.2
-2.8
-0.7
-0.7
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
72.2
50.3
34.8
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
26.3
10.6
13.7
18.9
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
4.0
0.8
0.5
0.5
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
1.8
67.7
97.1
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
1.0
10.0
47.1
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
5
1
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
96
53
92
118
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
147
95
86
101
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
10,977
6,822
7,017
14,583
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
5.0
29.4
16.1
27.7
Net migration (thousands)
-24
-42
-29
-10
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
10
320
825
2,150
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
1
267
490
1,220
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
329.6
501.9
511.2
754.0
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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