Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
95.21
122.85
160.95
213.40
Population growth (annual %)
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.4
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
923.8
923.8
923.8
923.8
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
104.5
134.9
176.7
234.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
40.1
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
52.4
47.9
34.9
30.9
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
..
..
342.34
461.01
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
..
..
2,130
2,160
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
..
..
705.69
1,176.73
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
..
..
4,380
5,510
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
4.1
5.7
7.1
7.1
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
46
47
51
53
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.5
6.1
6.0
5.2
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
141
132
123
102
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
6
15
18
17
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
32
42
47
51
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
210
183
135
111
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
33.1
26.7
24.2
18.4
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
54
33
56
60
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
84
73
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
85.5
99.2
83.0
86.7
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
25
25
43
47
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
265.3
248.9
232.6
214.6
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
11.6
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
3.0
4.7
5.6
5.6
Urban population growth (annual %)
5.5
4.2
4.8
3.9
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
698
700
745
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
87
74
134
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
54.04
69.17
366.99
440.84
GDP growth (annual %)
11.8
5.0
8.0
3.6
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
6.7
22.7
16.3
10.1
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
22
21
24
23
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
35
34
25
31
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
..
30
7
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
0.8
0.5
0.5
1.0
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.0
54.2
91.4
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.1
11.5
32.3
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
1
6
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
36
43
35
22
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
64
73
132
127
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
33,458
33,514
28,262
90,887
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
22.6
8.8
1.7
15.0
Net migration (thousands)
107
34
18
-76
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
10
1,392
19,745
19,483
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
588
1,140
6,026
3,313
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
255.1
173.8
2,052.4
3,527.7
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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