Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
97.12
126.38
166.64
218.53
Population growth (annual %)
2.7
2.7
2.8
2.1
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
923.8
923.8
923.8
923.8
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
106.6
138.8
183.0
239.9
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
56.2
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
55.2
51.1
38.5
41.8
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
..
..
342.34
625.14
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
..
..
2,050
2,860
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
..
..
1,010.07
1,634.94
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
..
..
6,060
7,480
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
4.0
5.7
7.1
7.5
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
46
47
51
53
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
6.5
6.1
5.9
4.6
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
143
134
125
88
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
6
15
18
22
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
32
42
47
51
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
210
182
135
111
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
33.1
26.7
24.2
24.4
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
54
33
56
56
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
..
81
70
..
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
83.1
95.5
79.8
83.8
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
24
24
42
45
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
1.0
2.2
2.0
1.4
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
265.3
248.9
232.6
214.6
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
11.6
11.6
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
3.0
4.7
5.6
5.6
Urban population growth (annual %)
4.9
4.6
4.4
3.4
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
287
274
335
334
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
111
96
141
143
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
54.04
69.17
366.99
609.15
GDP growth (annual %)
11.8
5.0
8.0
1.1
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
6.7
22.7
16.3
12.6
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
22
21
24
29
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
35
34
25
18
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
0.8
0.5
0.5
1.0
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.0
52.4
89.3
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.1
11.5
35.5
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
1
6
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
36
43
35
16
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
64
73
133
121
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
33,458
33,514
29,149
96,255
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
22.6
9.0
0.7
15.1
Net migration (thousands)
136
75
48
-86
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
10
1,392
19,745
19,483
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
588
1,140
6,026
3,313
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
255.1
173.8
1,071.2
3,530.1
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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