Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
8.29
11.51
16.55
24.50
Population growth (annual %)
3.1
3.5
3.7
3.3
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
1,267.0
1,267.0
1,267.0
1,267.0
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
6.5
9.1
13.1
19.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
45.5
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
84.4
..
60.6
50.6
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
2.70
2.54
8.51
14.81
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
330
220
510
600
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
6.17
9.17
18.46
39.56
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
740
800
1,120
1,610
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
7.5
..
8.9
8.7
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
42
49
58
62
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
7.8
7.7
7.5
6.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
212
206
197
148
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
4
14
14
11
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
15
16
29
44
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
332
228
137
119
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
38.7
43.1
40.0
33.2
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
25
37
67
80
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
16
18
39
61
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
25.4
31.8
61.7
68.3
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
6
6
13
23
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.3
0.8
0.4
0.2
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
19.5
13.3
12.0
10.7
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
18.2
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
15.9
24.0
36.5
73.8
Urban population growth (annual %)
3.6
4.0
3.7
4.0
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
..
128
135
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
..
32
44
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
3.51
2.24
7.85
14.92
GDP growth (annual %)
-1.3
-1.2
8.6
1.4
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
39.4
3.2
3.5
3.1
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
29
37
36
36
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
28
18
23
21
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
15
14
16
10
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
21
20
36
27
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
11
13
33
28
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
36
18
10
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
0.6
1.2
0.9
1.4
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
0.0
22.0
56.4
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
0.0
0.8
15.3
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
8
32
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
19
30
46
32
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
99
60
100
105
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
1,758
1,721
1,534
4,967
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
17.8
7.9
2.0
13.6
Net migration (thousands)
0
-9
-8
-4
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
14
14
134
353
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
41
16
797
595
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
387.6
209.2
741.4
1,807.4
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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