Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
1.37
1.82
2.11
2.81
Population growth (annual %)
6.0
2.4
1.5
3.0
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
824.3
824.3
824.3
824.3
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
1.7
2.2
2.6
3.4
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
37.7
28.7
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
..
35.9
26.9
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
2.86
4.03
9.53
11.65
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
2,090
2,210
4,520
4,140
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
5.40
9.37
17.08
26.26
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
3,940
5,150
8,090
9,340
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
3.0
3.3
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
62
52
56
59
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
5.3
4.0
3.6
3.3
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
94
84
79
68
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
41
44
56
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
68
76
88
..
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
73
78
49
39
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
21.4
20.2
13.2
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
76
69
75
91
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
79
95
89
100
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
128.3
114.0
117.1
134.1
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
39
64
63
..
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
..
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
2.3
13.7
13.2
11.4
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
87.7
80.6
73.5
65.7
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
23.2
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
3.7
4.8
4.6
4.6
Urban population growth (annual %)
7.0
4.0
4.0
4.8
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
491
561
729
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
1,087
1,038
1,593
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
2.79
3.92
11.43
12.40
GDP growth (annual %)
2.0
3.5
6.0
3.6
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
6.4
11.3
3.7
1.5
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
9
11
8
10
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
29
23
27
24
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
44
41
48
32
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
50
44
60
52
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
27
17
24
18
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
26.4
30.0
27.9
30.2
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
-2.1
-1.3
-6.6
-9.5
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
86
66
54
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
104.6
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
23.0
27.4
25.5
28.1
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
6.4
2.7
3.5
3.3
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.0
4.5
92.9
115.2
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
1.6
11.6
61.1
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
2
0
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
81
73
84
87
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
74
80
99
104
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
4
6
-9
31
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
13
9
69
72
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
30
196
288
840
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
119.6
152.4
261.3
182.6
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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