Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
17.83
22.97
28.66
34.28
Population growth (annual %)
2.9
2.3
1.9
1.2
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
330.8
330.8
330.8
330.4
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
54.3
69.9
87.2
104.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
6.2
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
0.7
1.6
0.1
0.0
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
43.23
80.18
232.94
360.50
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
2,420
3,490
8,130
10,520
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
117.59
274.94
560.25
994.57
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
6,590
11,970
19,550
29,010
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
5.1
4.6
5.2
5.9
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
71
73
74
75
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.4
2.9
2.1
1.8
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
19
12
14
6
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
48
..
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
93
97
99
100
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
17
10
8
8
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
22.1
16.7
..
15.3
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
70
96
95
96
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
96
106
99
101
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
100.5
101.6
98.7
101.2
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
68
81
77
80
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.3
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
206.2
196.9
189.5
190.6
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
..
8.8
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
1.7
1.0
1.0
1.2
Urban population growth (annual %)
4.5
4.4
3.1
1.8
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
1,224
2,129
2,561
..
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
1,170
2,774
4,081
..
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
44.02
93.79
255.02
373.78
GDP growth (annual %)
9.0
8.9
7.4
3.3
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
3.8
8.9
7.3
5.7
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
15
9
10
10
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
42
48
40
38
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
74
120
87
71
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
72
101
71
63
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
32
27
23
22
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
17.5
19.4
15.1
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-4.1
-5.0
-6.4
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
38
18
18
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
13.7
13.3
11.2
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.6
1.6
1.5
1.0
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.5
22.3
117.9
140.6
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
21.4
56.3
96.8
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
50
52
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
133
192
142
144
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
95
92
100
105
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
135
125
157
189
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
185
342
1,103
1,552
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
2,332
3,788
10,886
20,245
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
466.5
48.7
-6.1
14.4
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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